Sustainable production and characterization of ZnO–GO nanocomposites from waste Zn–C batteries for photocatalytic degradation of malachite green

Stanković, Sonja (avtor), Radovanović, Milan (avtor), Đorđievski, Stefan (avtor), Nedelkovski, Vladan (avtor), Markoli, Boštjan (avtor), Milić, Snežana (avtor), Antonijević, Milan (avtor)

In this study, ZnO–GO nanocomposites were synthesized from waste Zn–C batteries and used for the photocatalytic degradation of malachite green (MG) under UV light. ZnO–GO nanocomposites with different GO contents (1, 2.5, and 5 wt%) were prepared at room temperature and characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. The GO content significantly affects the morphology, optical properties, and photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites. In the presence of ZnO NPs, a malachite green degradation efficiency of 96.25% was achieved in 90 min, while ZnO–1%GO, ZnO–2.5%GO, and ZnO–5%GO achieved 95.35%, 97.27%, and 99.6% MG degradation, respectively, in just 30 min. The photocatalytic degradation process of MG was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The effects of GO content, catalyst dosage, initial MG concentration, and irradiation time on the efficiency of photocatalytic degradation were investigated, and optimal conditions were determined. Under optimal conditions, a photocatalytic degradation efficiency of 98.51% was achieved. These results indicate that ZnO–GO nanocomposites synthesized from waste Zn–C batteries are efficient and environmentally friendly photocatalysts for the treatment of dye-contaminated wastewater.

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Ključne besede: recycling of Zn–C batteries, ZnO–GO, photocatalysis, malachite green, RSM
• Vrsta gradiva: Članek v reviji
• Tipologija: 1.01 - Izvirni znanstveni članek
• Organizacija: NTF - Naravoslovnotehniška fakulteta
• Različica publikacije: Objavljena publikacija
• Datum objave: 08.01.2026
• Leto izida: 2026
• Št. strani: Str. 1-28
• Številčenje: Vol. 16, iss. 1
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-177858
• UDK: 669
• ISSN pri članku: 2075-4701
• DOI: 10.3390/met16010071
• COBISS.SI-ID: 264067331
• Datum objave v RUL: 17.02.2026

Gradivo je del revije

• Naslov: Metals
• Skrajšan naslov: Metals
• Založnik: MDPI AG
• ISSN: 2075-4701
• COBISS.SI-ID: 15976214

Licence

• Licenca: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 Mednarodna
• Povezava: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.sl
• Opis: To je standardna licenca Creative Commons, ki daje uporabnikom največ možnosti za nadaljnjo uporabo dela, pri čemer morajo navesti avtorja.

Projekti

• Financer: Drugi - Drug financer ali več financerjev
• Program financ.: Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia
• Številka projekta: 451-03-137/2025-03/200131
• Naslov: MINISTRY OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND INNOVATIONS OF THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA