Gibanje medenice med tekom pri različnih pogojih in posledična tveganja za poškodbe

Kovač, Miha (avtor), Supej, Matej (mentor), Strojnik, Vojko (komentor)

Glavni cilj magistrske naloge je bil opazovanje kinematike medenice v treh ravninah (sredinski, čelni in prečni) med tekom, v pogojih povečanja, hitrosti, naklonine in utrujenosti. Ti pogoji so pomembni za razumevanje nastanka tekaških poškodb. V meritvah je sodelovalo 25 preizkušank (starosti 27,25 ± 11,58 leta; telesne višine 168,2 ± 4,25 cm; telesne mase 58,55 ± 5,77 kg), ki se rekreativno ukvarjajo s tekom in imajo prvi stik s podlago preko pete. Biomehansko analizo medenice smo izvedli s pomočjo namestitve pasivnih označevalcev »Qualisys Sports Marker Set« in sistema kamer Qualisys Oqus. Tekaški protokol je bil razdeljen v pet enominutnih tekov, ki so bili izvedeni pri hitrosti 10 km/h, 12 km/h in 14 km/h na ravni podlagi, nato pa so sledili teki pri hitrosti 10 km/h pri naklonini 5° in 10° navzgor. Po tekaškem protokolu je sledilo 30 minutno utrujanje, ki je potekalo pri 80% srčne rezerve, po katerem smo ponovno izvedli tekaški protokol tekov. Za obdelavo podatkov smo uporabili program Qualisys Track Manager, Visual 3D in MATLAB. Statistična analiza je potekala v MATLABU, kjer so bili uporabljeni mešani modeli za oceno vpliva različnih dejavnikov. Za določitev statistične značilnosti razlik med povprečji smo uporabili vnaprej določene primerjave z uporabo Bonferronijevega popravka. Rezultati so pokazali, da povečanje hitrosti teka statistično pomembno vpliva na gibanje medenice v vseh opazovanih ravninah (vsi p < 0,001). Prav tako je povečanje naklonine teka navzgor pomembno vplivalo na gibanje medenice v čelni ravnini (p = 0,004) in tudi na rotacijo (p = 0,002). Utrujenost je sicer vplivala na rotacijo medenice v prečni ravnini (p < 0,001) in na nagib medenice naprej (p < 0,001). Nismo pa opazili statistično pomembnega vpliva na gibanje medenice v čelni ravnini. Magistrsko delo daje vpogled v gibanje medenice v sredinski, prečni in čelni ravnini med tekom pri tekaško aktivnih posameznicah v pogojih povečanja, hitrosti, naklonine in utrujenosti. Ključna izhodišča so bila povezana z razumevanjem, da ima pravilno gibanje medenice pomembno vlogo pri stabilizaciji trupa in preprečevanju poškodb.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Medenica, kinematika, biomehanika, poškodbe, dejavniki tveganja
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: FŠ - Fakulteta za šport
• Leto izida: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-176693
• Datum objave v RUL: 09.12.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Pelvic kinematics during running: the influence of speed, incline and fatigue on injury risk in female runners

Izvleček

The main objective of this master's thesis was to observe pelvic kinematics in three planes (sagittal, frontal and transverse) during running under conditions of increased speed, incline, and fatigue. These conditions are important for understanding the onset of running-related injuries. The study included 25 female recreational runners (age: 27,25 ± 11,58 years; height: 168,2 ± 4,25 cm; weight: 58,55 ± 5,77 kg) who were rearfoot strikers. Biomechanical analysis of the pelvis was performed using passive markers from a "Qualisys Sports Marker Set" and a Qualisys Oqus camera system. The running protocol consisted of five one-minute runs performed at speeds of 10 km/h, 12 km/h, and 14 km/h on a level surface, followed by runs at 10 km/h on a 5° and 10° uphill incline. After the running protocol, a 30-minute fatigue test at 80% heart rate reserve was performed, followed by a repeat of the running protocol. Biomechanical data were processed using Qualisys Track Manager, Visual 3D, and MATLAB. Statistical analysis was conducted in MATLAB using mixed models to assess the influence of different factors. Pre-planned comparisons with Bonferroni's post-hoc correction were used to determine the statistical significance of differences between means. The results showed that an increase in running speed had a statistically significant effect on pelvic kinematics in all observed planes (all p < 0,001). Similarly, an increase in uphill incline significantly affected pelvic kinematics in the frontal plane (p = 0,004) and also in rotation (p = 0,002). Fatigue significantly affected pelvic rotation in the transverse plane (p < 0,001) and anterior pelvic tilt (p < 0,001). However, no statistically significant effect on pelvic kinematics in the frontal plane was observed. This master's thesis provides insights into pelvic kinematics in the sagittal, transverse, and frontal planes during running in recreationally active females under conditions of increased speed, incline, and fatigue. The key findings are related to the understanding that proper pelvic motion plays a significant role in trunk stabilization and injury prevention.

• Ključne besede: Pelvis, kinematics, biomechanics, injuries, risk factors