Primerjava odnosov sila–hitrost in moč–hitrost pri skokih iz polčepa z uporabo različnih merilnih sistemov in vadbenih pripomočkov : magistrsko delo

Čudič, Jure (avtor), Spudić, Darjan (mentor)

Namen magistrskega dela je bil raziskati učinke različnih merilnih sistemov in vadbenih pripomočkov na spremenljivke profila sila–hitrost–moč (F-v-P). Kot merilne sisteme smo primerjali tenziometrično ploščo, ki predstavlja zlati standard v literaturi, in linearni dajalnik, ki je cenejša in dostopnejša alternativa in se vse več uporablja v praksi. Primerjali smo tudi dva različna vadbena pripomočka – olimpijsko palico in šestrobno palico (angl. »hex-bar«). V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 29 študentov Fakultete za šport. Povprečna telesna višina preizkušancev je znašala 180,1 cm, povprečna telesna masa pa 79,3 kg. Preizkušanci so imeli v povprečju 10,6 leta izkušenj s treningom za moč, povprečni indeks telesne mase pa je bil 24,3 kg/m2 . Meritve so potekale v Kineziološkem laboratoriju na Fakulteti za šport, kjer je vsak preizkušanec najprej opravil standardizirano ogrevanje. Nato so izvedli skoke iz polčepa z dodatnimi bremeni (40, 50, 60 in 70 kg) z olimpijsko in šestrobno palico. Zaporedje bremen in pripomočkov je bilo naključno določeno. Preizkušanci so izvedli tri ponovitve vsakega skoka pri vsakem bremenu. Pri tem smo sočasno zajemali podatke s tenziometrično ploščo (Kistler 9287A) in linearnim dajalnikom z integrirano programsko opremo Chronojump Boscosystem (v.2.2.1), kjer je bila vlečna vrvica pritrjena na olimpijsko ali šestrobno palico. Osredotočili smo se na spremenljivke profila F-v-P, ki smo jih izračunali iz povprečne propulzivne sile in hitrosti vsakega skoka. Z dvostransko analizo variance za ponovljene meritve smo ugotovili, da izbira vadbenega pripomočka nima statistično značilnega vpliva na spremenljivke profila F-v-P, čeprav so bile izmerjene višje vrednosti pri uporabi šestrobne palice. Izbira merilnega sistema statistično značilno vpliva na največjo teoretično mehansko moč (Pmax) in odrivno razdaljo (Hpo). Linearni dajalnik je glede na ploščo precenil vrednosti največje teoretične sile (F0), največje teoretične hitrosti (v0), največje teoretične mehanske moči (Pmax) in odrivne razdalje (Hpo). Na podlagi rezultatov lahko zaključimo, da lahko za meritve odnosa F-v-P iztegovalk nog pri skoku iz polčepa uporabimo šestrobno palico ali olimpijsko palico. To pa ne velja za linearni dajalnik, ki sicer predstavlja praktično alternativo tenziometrični plošči, vendar preceni rezultate večine izhodnih spremenljivk odnosa F-v-P. V prihodnje priporočamo konsistentno uporabo merilnih sistemov in vadbenih pripomočkov pri meritvah v izogib dvomu v verodostojnost rezultatov pri ponovljenih meritvah.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: odrivna moč, tenziometrija, linearni dajalnik, veljavnost, zanesljivost
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: FŠ - Fakulteta za šport
• Leto izida: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-176398
• COBISS.SI-ID: 260877059
• Datum objave v RUL: 29.11.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Assessement of force–velocity and power–velocity relationships outcomes in squat jumps using different measurement systems and training tools

Izvleček

The purpose of the master's thesis was to investigate the influence of different measurement systems and training tools on the variables of the force-velocity-power (F-v-P) profile. As measurement systems, we compared a force plate, which represents the gold standard in the literature, and a linear encoder, a cheaper and more accessible alternative increasingly used in practice. We also compared two different training tools: an olympic barbell and a hex-bar. The study included 29 students from the Faculty of Sport. The average height of the participants was 180.1 cm, and their average body mass was 79.3 kg. Participants had an average of 10.6 years of training experience, with an average body mass index of 24.3 kg/m2 . Measurements were conducted in the kinesiology laboratory at the Faculty of Sport, where each participant first performed a standardized warm-up. This was followed by squat jumps with additional loads (40, 50, 60, and 70 kg) using both the olympic barbell and the hex-bar. The order of loads and tools was randomized. Three repetitions of each jump were performed for every load with both tools. Data were simultaneously recorded using a force plate (Kistler 9287A) and a linear encoder with integrated Chronojump Boscosystem software (v.2.2.1). We focused on Fv-P profile variables, which were calculated from the average propulsive force and velocity of each jump. Using a two-way ANOVA for repeated measures, we found that the choice of training tool did not have a statistically significant effect on F-v-P profile variables, though higher values were consistently observed with the hex-bar. The choice of measurement system had a statistically significant effect on maximum theoretical mechanical power (Pmax) and propulsive distance (Hpo). The linear encoder systematically overestimated values for maximum theoretical force (F0), maximum theoretical velocity (v0), maximum theoretical mechanical power (Pmax) and propulsive distance (Hpo). Based on the results, it can be concluded that hex-bar and the olympic barbell can both be used to assess the F-v-P relationship of the leg extensors during squat jumps. The hex-bar tends to produce slightly higher force and power values, suggesting biomechanical differences between the tools. Therefore, they should not be considered fully interchangeable, particularly when comparing longitudinal results. The linear encoder proved to be a practical but less accurate alternative to the force plate, as it consistently overestimates most of the outcome F-v-P variables. To ensure reliable interpretation of longitudinal changes, the consistent use of the same measurement system and training tool is recommended.

• Ključne besede: take-off force, tensiometry, linear transducer, validity, reliability