Pasivna in aktivna gibljivost vrhunskih rokometašev : magistrsko delo

Smonkar, Tjaša (avtor), Pori, Primož (mentor)

Gibljivost je sposobnost izvajanja velikih razponov giba v enem ali več sklepih. V rokometu je pomemben del osnovne kondicijske priprave in preventivnega programa, s katerima želimo doseči čim večjo učinkovitost in funkcionalnost igralcev pri izvedbi tehnično-taktičnih elementov igre. Namen magistrskega dela je bil preveriti stanje gibljivosti vrhunskih rokometašev različnih igralnih mest, analizirati obstoj asimetrij v gibljivosti ter preveriti, ali obstajajo razlike v gibljivosti med igralci različnih igralnih mest. V raziskavo je bilo vključenih 76 vrhunskih rokometašev, ki so bili razvrščeni med zunanje igralce, krilne igralce, krožne napadalce in vratarje. Protokol meritev je zajemal pasivne in aktivne teste gibljivosti preferenčne in nepreferenčne strani telesa, ki so jih vsi merjenci izvedli brez predhodnega ogrevanja. S parnim t-testom ali Wilkoxonovim testom predznačenih rangov smo za vsako igralno mesto preverjali statistično značilne razlike v gibljivosti med preferenčno in nepreferenčno ramo, kolkom, kolenom, gležnjem in trupom. Obstoj statistično značilnih razlik v gibljivosti med igralci različnih igralnih mest pa smo preverjali z enosmerno analizo variance ali neparametrično alternativo. Največje razlike so bile ugotovljene pri krilnih igralcih v aktivni rotaciji trupa (d = -6,72) in pri krilnih igralcih v eksterni rotaciji ramenskega sklepa (d = -4,59), pri čemer je bila v obeh primerih zabeležena večja povprečna vrednost preferenčne strani. Statistično značilne razlike med igralnimi mesti se niso pokazale v pasivni ekstenziji kolena in pasivni plantarni fleksiji gležnja. Pri vseh ostalih testih smo tako na preferenčni kot nepreferenčni strani ugotovili, da so razlike v gibljivosti med skupinami. Med zunanjimi igralci in krilnimi igralci nismo ugotovili nobene razlike v gibljivosti ramenskega in kolčnega obroča. V največ primerih je bila statistično značilna razlika ugotovljena med krožnimi napadalci in vratarji. Vrednosti deficita interne rotacije glenohumeralnega sklepa po igralnih mestih kažejo višji deficit interne rotacije pri zunanjih (M = 10,30 ± 3,65) in krilnih igralcih (M = 10,70 ± 5,80) v primerjavi z vratarji in krožnimi napadalci. Z nalogo ugotavljamo, da krožni igralci izkazujejo najmanjše amplitude gibov v preučevanih sklepnih sistemih, a dokaj simetrične, če primerjamo gibljivost obeh strani telesa. Pri zunanjih in krilnih igralcih pa smo pri več spremenljivkah opazili večjo bilateralno asimetrijo gibljivosti v primerjavi s krožnimi napadalci in vratarji. Velike razlike se kažejo v smeri povečane zunanje rotacije in zmanjšane notranje rotacije preferenčne roke v primerjavi z nepreferenčno.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: rokomet, gibljivost, vrhunski šport, igralna mesta
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: FŠ - Fakulteta za šport
• Leto izida: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-176256
• COBISS.SI-ID: 259034115
• Datum objave v RUL: 26.11.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Passive and active flexibility of elite handball players

Izvleček

Flexibility is the ability to perform movements through a large range of motion in one or more joints. In handball, it is an important component of basic conditioning and injury prevention programs, aiming to maximize players’ efficiency and functionality in performing the technical and tactical elements of the game. The aim of this master’s thesis was to examine the flexibility status of elite handball players in different playing positions, analyze the presence of flexibility asymmetries, and determine whether differences exist between positions. The study included 76 elite handball players, categorized into backcourt, wing, pivot, and goalkeeper positions. The testing protocol consisted of passive and active flexibility tests of the dominant and non-dominant sides of the body, which all participants performed without prior warm-up. Paired t-tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to assess statistically significant differences in flexibility between the dominant and non-dominant shoulder, hip, knee, ankle, and trunk for each playing position. Differences between positions were examined using one-way analysis of variance or its non-parametric alternative. The largest differences were observed in wing players in active trunk rotation (d = -6.72) and in external rotation of the shoulder joint (d = -4.59), with higher mean values recorded on the dominant side in both cases. No statistically significant differences between playing positions were found in passive knee extension and passive ankle plantar flexion. In all other tests, flexibility differences between groups were identified on both the dominant and non-dominant sides. No differences were found between backcourt and wing players in shoulder and hip girdle flexibility. In most cases, statistically significant differences were observed between pivot players and goalkeepers. Values of internal rotation deficits of the glenohumeral joint by playing position showed a higher internal rotation deficit in backcourt (M = 10.30 ± 3.65) and wing players (M = 10.70 ± 5.80) compared to goalkeepers and pivots. The study concludes that pivot players exhibited the smallest ranges of motion in the examined joint systems, but these were relatively symmetrical when comparing both sides of the body. In contrast, backcourt and wing players showed greater bilateral asymmetry in flexibility across multiple variables compared to pivots and goalkeepers. Significant differences were observed in the direction of increased external rotation and decreased internal rotation of the dominant arm compared to the non-dominant arm.

• Ključne besede: handball, flexibility, elite sport, playing positions