The thesis discusses Process Analytical Technology (PAT) as a modern approach to monitoring and optimizing manufacturing processes in the pharmaceutical industry. The theoretical part presents the fundamental concepts and key components of PAT, as well as analytical techniques such as spectroscopy, chromatography, mass spectrometry, microscopy and electrophoresis. Special attention is given to the application of PAT in the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in compliance with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). Practical case studies demonstrate the use of PAT in reactions, crystallization, drying and milling, confirming that the implementation of these tools enables real-time monitoring of critical process parameters, reduces variability and errors and shortens product release times. In addition to technical advantages, the thesis also highlights the economic aspects, as initial investments in PAT are offset in the long term by increased efficiency, waste reduction, and more sustainable operations. The conclusion emphasizes that PAT is not merely a technological support, but a strategic took for implementing the Quality by Design (QbD) concept and for strengthening competitiveness while ensuring high-quality pharmaceutical products.
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