Začetki izobraževanja otrok s posebnimi potrebami na Slovenskem – primerjava položaja slepih in gluhih otrok : magistrsko delo

Šterk, Tamara (avtor), Selišnik, Irena (mentor)

Področje vzgoje in izobraževanja za gluhe in naglušne se je na Slovenskem začelo razvijati bistveno prej kot isto področje za slepe in slabovidne, čeprav se skupini v zakonodaji ves čas pojavljata vzporedno. Za prvi slovenski zavod za gluhoneme štejemo goriško gluhonemnico iz leta 1840, temu je sledil specializiran pouk za dekleta pri novomeških sestrah de Notre Dame, prvi državni zavod za gluhoneme otroke pa je bil ustanovljen v Ljubljani leta 1900. Medtem je prvi zavod za slepe na Slovenskem otvoritev doživel šele leta 1919, pred tem pa so bili slovenski otroci z željo po izobrazbi primorani iskati mesto na zavodih za slepe v tujini. Prvo omembo vključevanja nepolnočutnih otrok v javni šolski sistem v zakonodaji sicer zasledimo že leta 1842. Njihovo šoloobveznost je potrdil Državni ljudskošolski zakon iz leta 1869, ki je sprožil tudi pogovore o specialnem izobraževanju učiteljev. Predpis o preizkušnjah učne usposobljenosti učiteljev srečamo nekoliko kasneje, in sicer je bil objavljen leta 1886, so pa tematike, povezane z defektologijo, že prej našle pot na učiteljišča. Pomemben prispevek k izobraževanju nepolnočutnih otrok so prinesle tudi štipendijske ustanove, ki so finančno podprle izobraževanje gluhih in slepih otrok tako doma kot v tujini.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: šolstvo, slepi, slabovidni, gluhi, naglušni
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: FF - Filozofska fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Poljče
• Leto izida: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-175888
• Datum objave v RUL: 13.11.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The origins of education for children with disabilities in Slovenia – a comparison of the situation of blind and deaf children

Izvleček

Although the field of education for the deaf and hard of hearing and the blind or partially sighted people constantly appears in parallel in the legislation, the education for the deaf began to develop significantly earlier. The first Slovenian Deaf Institute was considered the Deaf and Mute School in Gorica in 1840. After that, the School Sisters of Notre Dame in Novo mesto started the specialised classes for girls. Furthermore, the first state institution for deaf and mute children was founded in Ljubljana in 1900. Finally, the first institute for the blind in Slovenia opened in 1919. Consequently, Slovenian children, eager to gain an education, were forced to seek a place at institutions for the blind abroad. The legislation mentions the first inclusion of blind children in the public school system in 1842. Their compulsory primary school education was confirmed by the National Public Schools Act in 1869. Thus the issues about special education for teachers were triggered. In 1886, the regulation on testing the teachers' qualifications was published. However, the topics related to defectology had found their way to teacher's school way before. Scholarship institutions contributed immensely to the education of deaf and blind children by providing financial support both at home and abroad.

• Ključne besede: education, blind, visually impaired, deaf, hearing-impaired