Smart Readiness Indicator metric for building envelope structures

Halilovič, Miroslav (avtor), Kralj, Aleš (avtor), Kurnitski, Jarek (avtor), Domjan, Suzana (avtor), Maček, Andraž (avtor), Medved, Sašo (avtor)

Seasonal energy imbalance and corresponding grid loads are a key challenge in the decarbonisation of buildings. This study derives new delivered energy and power indicators to explore the role of high performance glazing units as passive but dynamic façade components that help address this mismatch. Through dynamic thermal simulations combined with PV and battery modelling, we assess how glazing affects electricity demand, storage needs, and grid reliance. To more adequately evaluate envelope performance, we introduce a quantitative Smart Readiness Indicator (SRI) tailored to the Dynamic Building Envelope domain-providing a performance-based alternative to the current checklist-based SRI method. The new indicator integrates both static (U-value) and dynamic performance across three categories: energy efficiency, occupant comfort, and energy flexibility. Results show that quadruple glazing units (QGUs), when paired with local PV and storage, outperform both triple glazing and opaque walls in balancing seasonal loads. QGUs also reduced both delivered energy and peak power as well as PV and battery equipment size that make this solution economically feasible in many cases. Developed methodology enables robust, orientation-independent comparison and highlights the potential of transparent envelope elements in reducing grid dependency and supporting zero-emission building targets.

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Ključne besede: Smart Readiness Indicator, Dynamic Building Envelope, quadruple glazing, seasonal energy imbalance, grid decarbonisation
• Vrsta gradiva: Članek v reviji
• Tipologija: 1.01 - Izvirni znanstveni članek
• Organizacija: FS - Fakulteta za strojništvo
• Status publikacije: Objavljeno
• Različica publikacije: Objavljena publikacija
• Leto izida: 2026
• Št. strani: 26 str.
• Številčenje: Vol. 350, art. 116677
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-175881
• UDK: 621
• ISSN pri članku: 1872-6178
• DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2025.116677
• COBISS.SI-ID: 256898819
• Datum objave v RUL: 12.11.2025

Gradivo je del revije

• Naslov: Energy and buildings
• Založnik: Elsevier
• ISSN: 1872-6178
• COBISS.SI-ID: 23262469

Licence

• Licenca: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 Mednarodna
• Povezava: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.sl
• Opis: To je standardna licenca Creative Commons, ki daje uporabnikom največ možnosti za nadaljnjo uporabo dela, pri čemer morajo navesti avtorja.

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: indikator pametne pripravljenosti, dinamični ovoj stavbe, štirislojna zasteklitev