Introduction: Sauna bathing represents a short-term form of passive exposure to heat, that triggers physiological responses in the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and respiratoy systems. There are different types of sauna, such as finnish sauna, steam and infrared sauna, which differ in temperature, humidity and heating mechanism. Heat incrises blood circulation, relieves muscle tension and accelerates the removal of metabolic products, which can speed up recovery. Purpose: The aim of this paper is to present the effects of post-exercise sauna bathing on muscle performance and fatigue parameters, including the impact on heart rate, maximal aerobic capacity and plasma composition. Methods: In the paper, a descriptive method with literature review was used. The literature was searched in the PubMed database, in English language, within the time frame from 2005 to 2025, using the keywords sauna and post-exercise. Results: Five randomized controlled trials that met inslusion criteria were included in the analysis. The results of the review show, that post-exercise sauna bathing may have beneficial effects on various aspects of sports performance. Within the analysis, both anaerobic and aerobic effects of sauna bathing were assessed. In anaerobic parameters, positive effects were mainly observed in maintaining explosive power and reducing muscle soreness, while no significant differences were found in isometric strength and short sprints. In aerobic parameters the results are more consistent and indicate better endurance, greater aerobic capacity and positive changes in the cardiovascular system. Some studies also reported changes in body mass. Discussion and conclusion: The results show that post-exercise sauna bathing can play an important role in improving sports performance and and recovery. Positive effects are evident in the reduction of muscle soreness, improved flexibility, maintaining explosive power, improved aerobic endurance, greater aerobic capacity and positive changes in the cardiovascular system. Based on the review of the literature, it can be concluded that post-exercise sauna bathing has potential as a complementary recovery method, however further research is needed for a clearer understanding of sauna effects in athletes.
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