CBGA-rich Cannabis sativa subcritical water vs supercritical ▫$CO_2$▫ and organic solvent extraction : cannabinoids, volatiles and antioxidant activity

Schoss, Katja (avtor), Kočevar Glavač, Nina (avtor)

Subcritical water extraction (SWE) was evaluated as an alternative to conventional and modern extraction methods for the recovery of cannabinoids, volatile compounds and antioxidants from CBGA-rich hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). A 2^3 full factorial design of experiments (DoE) was applied to optimize the SWE conditions. The extraction yield was determined gravimetrically, and antioxidant activity and total polyphenol content were analysed using spectrophotometric methods. HPLC was used to quantify cannabinoids, while GC-MS was applied for the volatile compound analysis of the essential oil and condensed aqueous phase obtained through Clevenger distillation. SWE achieved a yield of 35.9 % and a high antioxidant activity, which is comparable to Soxhlet and high-pressure ethanol extraction methods. The temperature and the drug-to-solvent ratio were identified as significant factors affecting the yield, with Soxhlet extraction yielding the highest CBG content (36.1 %) and high-pressure ethanol extraction yielding the highest CBGA content (17.4 %). GC-MS analysis revealed that the essential oil was rich in sesquiterpenes (82.5 %), while the aqueous phase contained predominantly oxygenated monoterpenes (35.0 %). In conclusion, SWE is a promising method for obtaining hemp extracts with a high antioxidant activity and favourable yields, making it a potential sustainable alternative to conventional extraction methods.

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Ključne besede: antioxidant activity, cannabinoids, cannabis sativa, subcritical water extraction, volatile compounds
• Vrsta gradiva: Članek v reviji
• Tipologija: 1.01 - Izvirni znanstveni članek
• Organizacija: FFA - Fakulteta za farmacijo
• Status publikacije: Objavljeno
• Različica publikacije: Objavljena publikacija
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 10 str.
• Številčenje: Vol. 236, [article no.] 121950
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-175606
• UDK: 66.061.3:615.322:633.522
• ISSN pri članku: 1872-633X
• DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2025.121950
• COBISS.SI-ID: 250737667
• Datum objave v RUL: 06.11.2025

Gradivo je del revije

• Naslov: Industrial crops and products
• Skrajšan naslov: Ind. crops prod.
• Založnik: Elsevier
• ISSN: 1872-633X
• COBISS.SI-ID: 175352067

Licence

• Licenca: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 Mednarodna
• Povezava: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.sl
• Opis: To je standardna licenca Creative Commons, ki daje uporabnikom največ možnosti za nadaljnjo uporabo dela, pri čemer morajo navesti avtorja.

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: antioksidativno delovanje, kanabinoidi, Cannabis sativa, ekstrakcija s subkritično vodo, hlapne spojine, ekstrakcija, kanabinoidi

Projekti

• Financer: ARIS - Javna agencija za znanstvenoraziskovalno in inovacijsko dejavnost Republike Slovenije
• Številka projekta: P1-0208
• Naslov: Farmacevtska kemija: načrtovanje, sinteza in vrednotenje učinkovin

• Financer: Drugi - Drug financer ali več financerjev
• Številka projekta: 802–12/2024–5
• Naslov: Nanostructurome