Introduction: Kidney transplantation is a method of alternative treatment that significantly
improves the quality of a patient's life after the final kidney failure. To prevent rejection of
the transplanted organ, patients must adhere to a specific dietary regimen. Purpose: To
present modern dietary guidelines for patients after kidney transplantation. Methods: We
conducted a review of domestic and foreign professional and scientific literature from 2014
to 2024. Results: The analysis of articles confirms that nutrition plays a crucial role in
recovery and long-term function of the kidney graft after transplantation. During the acute
phase, energy and protein needs are increased and gradually decrease over time. A reduced
intake of sodium, saturated fats, and simple sugars is recommended, with emphasis on
adequate dietary fiber and unsaturated fat intake. Immunosuppressive drugs affect
metabolism, requiring individualized dietary adjustments, certain foods may also alter drug
effectiveness. Despite the proven importance of proper nutrition, few patients receive
professional dietary counseling. Structured and continuous nutritional management has
been shown to improve metabolic control and long-term outcomes. The Mediterranean diet
has proven to be a particularly effective. Discussion and conclusion: Although there are
numerous guidelines regarding physical activity after kidney transplantation, the scientific
literature on post-transplant nutrition is considerably less extensive. Nutrition plays a
crucial role in the long-term success of treatment, as it affects graft function and the
occurrence of metabolic complications. General nutritional guidelines are continuously
being updated; however, many patients do not receive adequate nutritional counseling after
discharge. This highlights the need for ongoing care and the development of national
nutritional guidelines based on scientific evidence.
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