Povezava med telesno dejavnostjo in prirastom telesne mase v nosečnosti : diplomsko delo

Hodžić, Sara (avtor), Šćepanović, Darija (mentor), Lučovnik, Miha (komentor), Kacin, Alan (recenzent)

Uvod: Prirast telesne mase v nosečnosti je normalen in potreben za zdrav razvoj ploda, posteljice in drugih podpornih struktur. Med ključne vidike zdravja v nosečnosti spadajo pridobivanje telesne mase in telesna dejavnost. Redna in prilagojena telesna vadba prispeva k boljšemu počutju nosečnic in zdravemu razvoju otroka. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je proučiti vpliv telesne dejavnosti na prirast telesne mase v nosečnosti in analizirati njeno vlogo pri preprečevanju prekomerne in prenizke telesne mase. Metode dela: Retrospektivna analiza je bila izvedena na podlagi anonimiziranih podatkov iz Perinatalnega informacijskega sistema Republike Slovenije, ki zajema vse nosečnosti in enoplodne nosečnosti od leta 2013 do leta 2023. Ključne spremenljivke so vključevale pogostost telesne dejavnosti, kategorije pridobivanja telesne mase v nosečnosti in indeks telesne mase pred nosečnostjo. Statistična analiza je bila izvedena z opisno statistiko in testom hi-kvadrat s programoma IBM SPSS Statistics 20. 0 in Microsoft Excel 2016. Statistična pomembnost je bila določena pri p < 0,05. Rezultati: Podatki 210.227 nosečnic so pokazali, da je bil ustrezen prirast telesne mase pogostejši pri telesno dejavnih ženskah (44,9 %) v primerjavi z nedejavnimi (43,2 %), medtem ko je bil prekomeren prirast telesne mase pogostejši pri nedejavnih ženskah (53,5 %) kot pri dejavnih (33,2 %). Podobne vzorce so opazili pri 206.679 enoplodnih nosečnostih. Test hi-kvadrat je potrdil statistično pomembno povezavo med telesno dejavnostjo in povečanjem telesne mase v nosečnosti (p < 0,001). Razprava in zaključek: Rezultati potrjujejo vlogo redne telesne dejavnosti pri doseganju ustreznega prirasta telesne mase med nosečnostjo in zmanjševanju tveganja za zaplete, povezane s prekomernim ali nezadostnim prirastom telesne mase. Te ugotovitve se ujemajo z obstoječimi raziskavami, ki poudarjajo prednosti aktivnega življenjskega sloga med nosečnostjo. Omejitve te študije vključujejo pomanjkanje podatkov o vrsti in intenzivnosti vadbe ter drugih neizmerjenih dejavnikih, vključno s prehrano in genetskimi dejavniki. Prihodnje študije bi morale vključevati podrobnejše, longitudinalne podatke, da bi bolje razumeli dinamiko nadzora telesne mase v nosečnosti. Spodbujanje strukturiranih programov vadbe bi lahko izboljšalo izide za mater in plod.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, prirast telesne mase v nosečnosti, nosečnost, telesna dejavnost
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [S. Hodžić]
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 25 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-174977
• UDK: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 252833795
• Datum objave v RUL: 11.10.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The connection between physical activity and weight gain during pregnancy : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Weight gain in pregnancy is normal and necessary for the healthy development of the foetus, placenta, and other supporting structures. Key aspects of pregnancy health include weight gain and physical activity. Regular and adapted exercise contributes to the well-being of pregnant women and the healthy development of the baby. Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to investigate the impact of physical activity on weight gain during pregnancy and to analyse its role in preventing both excessive and insufficient weight gain. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed based on anonymized data from the Perinatal Information System of the Republic of Slovenia, covering all singleton pregnancies from 2013 to 2023. Key variables included frequency of physical activity, categories of gestational weight gain, and pre-pregnancy body mass index. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and the chi-square test with IBM SPSS Statistics and Microsoft Excel 2016. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Data from 210,227 pregnant women showed that appropriate weight gain was more common in physically active women (44.9%) compared to inactive women (43.2%), while excessive weight gain was more prevalent in inactive women (53.5%) than in active women (33.2%). Similar patterns were observed in 206,679 singleton pregnancies. The chi-square test confirmed a statistically significant association between physical activity and weight gain during pregnancy (p < 0.001). Discussion and conclusion: The findings confirm the beneficial role of regular physical activity in achieving appropriate gestational weight gain and reducing the risk of complications linked to both excessive and insufficient gain. These results are consistent with existing research highlighting the benefits of an active lifestyle during pregnancy. Limitations of this study include the lack of data on the type and intensity of exercise and other unmeasured factors, including diet and genetic predispositions. Future research should employ more detailed longitudinal data to better capture the dynamics of gestational weight control. Promoting structured exercise programs could improve outcomes for both mother and foetus.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, physiotherapy, pregnancy weight gain, pregnancy, physical activity