The thesis addresses the impact of early socialization of dogs on their behavioural development, with an emphasis on critical periods and the role of different stakeholders. An analysis of various studies reveals that timely and planned socialization during early periods promotes the development of a socialized adult dog that is stable and welladjusted. Puppies that are regularly handled and provided with an enriched environment display greater calmness early on and later demonstrate higher resilience to stress, while premature separation leads to anxiety, lack of social skills, and behavioural problems. The continuation of socialization during adolescence proves essential, as it prevents regression. Adult dogs without adequate early experiences often develop aggression and reactivity, which can only be partially mitigated through behavioural interventions. The rearing environment plays a key role: isolated litters are associated with timidity and aggressiveness. Breeders and dog owners have an important role in ensuring proper socialization and in shaping an appropriate environment for the dog. Puppy classes show great potential, but research on their efficiency of socialization remains inconclusive. It has been found that socialization is a complex process requiring expertise, gradual progression, and cooperation, as it directly determines the dog’s welfare and its successful coexistence with humans.
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