Vpliv visoko intenzivne intervalne vadbe na kardiorespiratorno vzdržljivost in funkcijo hoje pri osebah po možganski kapi - pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Kećoli, Aurela (avtor), Hiti, Nina (mentor), Grapar Žargi, Tina (recenzent)

Uvod: Možganska kap je vodilni vzrok invalidnosti po svetu in drugi najpogostejši vzrok smrti. Slabša telesna pripravljenost po možganski kapi je povezana s povečano invalidnostjo in pogostimi funkcijskimi omejitvami, kot je otežena hoja. Telesna nedejavnost in zmanjšana kardiorespiratorna vzdržljivost sta hkrati dejavnika tveganja za ponovno možgansko kap ter za razvoj drugih komorbidnih stanj. Namen: Na podlagi pregleda znanstvene in strokovne literature smo želeli ugotoviti vpliv visoko intenzivne intervalne vadbe na kardiorespiratorno vzdržljivost in funkcijo hoje pri osebah po možganski kapi. Metode dela: Literatura, objavljena med leti 2015 in 2025, je bila iskana v podatkovni zbirki PubMed. Uporabljena je bila naslednja kombinacija iskalnih izrazov: high-intensity interval training AND stroke. Rezultati: V pregled literature je bilo na podlagi vključitvenih in izključitvenih meril vključenih šest randomiziranih nadzorovanih raziskav, ki so skupaj zajele 297 oseb po možganski kapi. V štirih raziskavah so primerjali visoko intenzivno intervalno vadbo z zmerno intenzivno neprekinjeno vadbo, v dveh raziskavah pa z običajno zdravstveno oskrbo. Vadbeni programi so trajali od štirih do 24 tednov, pogostost vadbenih enot pa se je gibala od treh do petkrat tedensko. Povprečni čas trajanja glavnega dela vadbene enote je znašal 22 minut. V štirih raziskavah so preiskovanci v eksperimentalni skupini dosegli večje statistično značilno izboljšanje najvišje porabe kisika v primerjavi s kontrolno skupino. V dveh raziskavah je v eksperimentalni skupini prišlo do statistično pomembnega izboljšanja rezultata pri šest minutnem testu hoje v primerjavi s kontrolno skupino, pri čemer je bila v eni od teh raziskav opazna tudi statistično pomembna povečana hitrost hoje. V eni raziskavi je v eksperimentalni skupini prišlo še do statistično pomembnega izboljšanja pri Bergovi lestvici ravnotežja ter pri testu sledenja – B del v primerjavi s kontrolno skupino. Razprava in zaključek: Visoko intenzivna intervalna vadba se je izkazala za učinkovito pri izboljšanju telesne pripravljenosti, deloma tudi pri funkciji hoje pri osebah po MK. Za potrditev vpliva na kognitivne sposobnosti pa so potrebne dodatne raziskave. Vadba se je pokazala kot varna pri osebah po možganski kapi v kronični fazi, pri čemer krajše trajanje vadbenih enot predstavlja pomembno prednost za osebe s pomanjkanjem časa.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, visoko intenzivna intervalna vadba, možganska kap, kardiorespiratorna pripravljenost, hoja
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [A. Kećoli]
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 22 str., [2] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-174020
• UDK: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 250584835
• Datum objave v RUL: 26.09.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Effects of high intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory endurance and walking function in individuals after stroke - literature review : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Stroke is the leading cause of disability worldwide and the second most common cause of death. Poorer physical fitness after stroke is associated with increased disability and frequent functional limitations, such as difficulty walking. Physical inactivity and reduced cardiorespiratory fitness are also risk factors for recurrent stroke and other comorbid conditions. Purpose: To determine the impact of high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory endurance and walking function in individuals after a stroke, based on a review of scientific and professional literature. Methods: The literature was searched in the PubMed database, with a time frame from 2015 to 2025. The following combination of words was used: high-intensity interval training AND stroke. Results: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, six randomized controlled trials were included in the literature review. A total of 297 individuals after a stroke were included in the research. Four studies compared high-intensity interval training with moderate-intensity continuous training, and two studies compared high-intensity interval training with usual medical care. Training programs lasted from four to 24 weeks. The frequency of training sessions ranged from three to five times per week. The average duration of the main part of the training unit was 22 minutes. In four studies, participants in the experimental group achieved a statistically significant greater improvement in peak oxygen consumption compared to the control group. In two studies, the experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement in the six-minute walk test result compared to the control group, with one of these studies also reporting a statistically significant increase in walking speed. In one study, the experimental group also showed s statistically significant improvement in the Berg Balance Scale and the Trail Making Test – Part B, compared to the control group. Discussion and conclusion: High-intensity interval training has been shown to be effective in improving physical fitness, and to some extent also walking function, in individuals after stroke. To confirm the impact on cognition, further research is needed. High-intensity interval training has been shown to be safe for individuals after a stroke in the chronic phase. Additionally, the duration of the workout is shorter, which is suitable for people with a lack of time.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, physiotherapy, high-intensity interval training, stroke, cardiorespiratory fitness, gait