Since the 1990s, animal welfare research has developed considerably, as has the realisation that animals are sentient beings. Two views have prevailed in modern society. One emphasises the right of animals not to be used for the benefit of humans, while the other emphasises the responsibility of humans for the welfare of animals, provided that their biological, physiological, emotional and social needs are achieved. Animal welfare is influenced by social interactions with other animals, play and learning. Grazing is considered one of the most natural forms of animal husbandry, as it allows animals to display natural behaviours and is economically more favourable than intensive farming systems. Nevertheless, there are some challenges, such as the risk of animals ingesting poisonous plants. In this paper best best practises and guidelines from the Italian Reference Centre for Animal Welfare (CReNBA) and analyses of the positive and negative aspects of cattle grazing and the main factors affecting animal health and welfare, such as ambient temperature, freedom of movement, social interactions and physical condition are presented. The results show that, when properly managed, grazing contributes significantly to improving the physical and mental well-being of cattle. Effective parasite control also proves to be crucial for maintaining animal health and minimising risks in grazing systems. In Slovenia, grazing is officially recognised as an important animal welfare measure and has been included in the national rural development programme and agricultural subsidy programmes.
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