By reviewing the available scientific and professional literature, we aim to optimize the
factors that influence the effective protection of grapevines. In addition to financial
benefits, the optimization of grapevine protection is crucial for the high-quality
application of plant protection products (PPP). The key factors for effective PPP
deposition on the grapevine canopy include the proper selection of sprayers and nozzles,
an accurate calculation of the spray dose, and the appropriate timing of crop protection.
It is essential that the choice of machinery and technology is adapted to the specific
arrangements of each vineyard. Only through the optimization of certain spraying
parameters (driving speed, flow rate, and pressure) can a higher quality deposition of
PPP be achieved. With a somewhat higher financial investment in machinery, the
efficiency of spraying can be further improved. Moreover, the digitalization of crop
protection also plays an important role, such as adjusting the application to canopy
density and height, automatic nozzle opening and closing, and spray recovery, which
enables the reduction of PPP consumption. Environmental considerations must also be
taken into account during optimization, as crop protection in the vicinity of rivers,
houses, and other sensitive areas is of particular importance. In steep terraced vineyards,
the use of tunnel or electrostatic sprayers is advisable, as these allow for better droplet
adhesion and uniform protection of both sides of the row. In flat vineyards, where crop
protection is easier to perform, the use of multi-row sprayers is reasonable if sufficient
space for turning is available, as they enable the simultaneous treatment of several rows
in a single pass.
|
