Livestock guarding dogs represent an important way to protect grazing animals from predators. In order to fulfil this task, they must be self-confident, independent, and calm, but also sufficiently obedient and trainable. Their strong protective and pack instincts means that they perceive the herd as part of their own pack, while their weak predatory instinct prevents them from chasing or attacking livestock. Through their presence, territory marking, and barking, they deter predators and warn humans to keep distance from herd. In addition to the costs of purchase, feeding, and veterinary care, effective protection with livestock guarding dogs requires also the use of electric fencing. This serves as both a physical and psychological barrier, preventing the dogs from leaving the pasture and further reducing the risk of predator attacks. Experience and conservation projects (e.g. LIFE DINALP BEAR, SloWolf, Carnivora Dinarica) helped to spread knowledge and help others who want to use this type of protection. The highest level of protection is achieved by combining electric fencing with at least three livestock guarding dogs per pasture, which significantly reduces possibility and frequency of damage caused by predators. In Slovenia, the most common breeds include the Tornjak, Šarplaninac, Karst Shepherd, and Caucasian Shepherd, while in other countries Anatolian Shepherds, Pyrenean Mastiffs, and other breeds are used. Their effectiveness depends largely on early socialisation with the flock, appropriate training, and constant monitoring. When properly managed, livestock guarding dogs are a sustainable to support the preservation of traditional grazing systems and promotes coexistence with large carnivores.
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