Introduction: Mammography is a primary imaging method used for the early detection of malignant changes in breast tissue and plays an important role in reducing breast cancer
mortality. As it relies on the use of ionizing radiation, it is essential to ensure an optimal balance between image quality and the lowest possible radiation dose. Diagnostic reference levels serve as an important tool for dose optimization. Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to present diagnostic reference levels in mammography in Slovenia and worldwide through a systematic literature review, and to investigate whether and why these values differ between
countries. Special attention is given to the procedures used to determine DRLs and the factors that influence their values. Methods: A systematic review of scientific and
professional literature was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Diagnostic reference levels in mammography were presented using a descriptive method. Relevant literature for systematic review was searched in the databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, and IOP Science, using two search queries in English. Articles included in the analysis were freely accessible in full, written in English, and published within the last fifteen years. Results: Twelve of the most relevant studies from various countries around the world were included in the thesis. Most studies were based on retrospective data analysis, while three
were cross-sectional studies. The studies showed that the radiation dose received during mammographic examinations is significantly influenced by factors such as compressed breast thickness, the technology used, and exposure parameters. Based on the analysis of average glandular doses, most studies proposed new guidelines for diagnostic reference levels in mammography. Discussion and conclusion: We found that diagnostic reference levels in mammography vary between countries due to variations in imaging protocols, characteristics of the examined population, and the technology used. For determining reference values, it is essential to use data obtained from clinical images, as phantoms do not allow accurate assessment of glandular dose received by the breast. The most influential factor on average glandular dose is compressed breast thickness. Dose is also significantly affected by the type of projection (higher doses with mediolateral oblique projection) and the technology used (digital detectors allow for lower doses). Standardizing compressed breast thickness ranges and considering the imaging technology used would enable easier
and more reliable international comparisons of diagnostic reference levels.
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