Introduction: Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a hereditary genetic disored that affects the nervous system and leads to the growth of benign tumors on the peripheral and central nervous system. In some cases, these tumors may become malignant. The disease is often accompanied by skeletal abnormalities, learning difficulties, attention disorders and behavioral and social challenges, all of wich significantly affect the quality of life of children and their families. Nurses play an important role in both the medical and psychosocial social care of these patients. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the role of nurses in the care of children and adolescents with neurofibromatosis type 1 and to identify the challenges faced by these patients and their parents. Methods: A descriptive method was used on a review of professional and scientific literature. The literature search was conducted between December 2023 and May 2024. Sources were identified in databases such as Google Scholar, CINAHL and Medline, resulting in 41 relevant scientific articles published in the last 10 years. Results: It was found that children and adolescents with neurofibromatosis type 1 face numerous physical, psychological and social challenges, such as pain, skin changes, stigmatization, low self-esteem and social exclusion. Parents of these children often experience emotional exhaustion, stress and uncertainty. Nurses play a key role in monitoring syptoms, educating and advising families and providing support. Discussion and conclusion: Nurses play a crucial role in the holistic care of children and adolescents with neurofibromatosis type 1. In additional to providing physical care, they offer emotional support and collaborate with various professionals as part of a multidisciplinary team. Greater involvement of nurses and broader public awareness of neurofibromatosis type 1 could contribute to improving the quality of life for these patients and their families.
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