Testing for immune compatibility in transplants is crucial for ensuring successful outcomes. One of the first tests conducted during the process of finding a suitable donor is the compatibility check of antigens that define blood groups (ABO antigens). Incompatibility of blood groups can lead to hyperacute rejection. In addition, it is also important to assess compatibility of major histocompatibility complex antigens (HLA) between donor and recipient. These are proteins found on the surface of cells and play a key role in distinguishing between self and non-self substances in the body. A closer match of HLA antigens increases the likelihood of a positive transplant outcome, where the transplanted organ or tissue functions properly. To ensure the best possible HLA match, HLA typing is performed, which allows for compatibility testing at the genetic level. It is also important to detect any pre-existing antibodies in the recipient's serum that may react with the donor's HLA antigens, which could trigger an immune response. For this purpose, crossmatch tests are conducted to detect these antibodies early on. In addition to these tests, it is essential to ensure that the donor's organ or tissue does not pose a risk to the recipient, which is why screening for infectious diseases such as HIV, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and others is regularly performed. The aim of this thesis is to provide a detailed overview of the compatibility testing process, describe the individual tests involved, and explain their significance in ensuring the success of transplants.
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