Heavy metals are often present in wastewater and have negative effects on human health, which is why research on the removal of heavy metals from water is essential. Among the various methods, adsorption is particularly interesting due to its high adsorption capacity and low operational cost. In this thesis, I explained the various properties and synthesis methods of hydrogels, as synthesis design allows the incorporation of specific functional groups responsible for binding heavy metals. Adsorption equilibrium is used to determine the equilibrium adsorption capacity and different adsorption isotherm models help identify the characteristics of the process. For this purpose, the most commonly used isotherm models were presented. Understanding kinetics is essential for identifying the rate-limiting step in the process, which enables process optimization. The work also presents different models, including a combined model that accounts for both intraparticle diffusion and the adsorption reaction. Despite some limitations, it's a valuable tool for predicting adsorption kinetics.
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