Telesna dejavnost kot varovalni dejavnik pred kardiovaskularnimi boleznimi pri ženskah : diplomsko delo

Babnik, Tinkara (avtor), Mlinar, Suzana (mentor), Ovijač, Darja (recenzent)

Uvod: Kardiovaskularne bolezni predstavljajo vodilni vzrok obolevnosti in umrljivosti po vsem svetu ter pomemben javnozdravstveni problem. Kljub razširjenosti bolezni bi bilo mogoče večino srčno-žilnih dogodkov preprečiti z zdravim življenjskim slogom, zlasti z redno telesno dejavnostjo in uravnoteženo prehrano. Pri ženskah po 50. letu starosti se tveganje za razvoj kardiovaskularnih bolezni bistveno poveča. Kljub številnim koristim, ki jih prinaša redna telesna dejavnost, se ženske pogosto soočajo z različnimi ovirami in izzivi za njeno izvajanje. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati vlogo telesne dejavnosti pri preprečevanju in obvladovanju kardiovaskularnih bolezni pri ženskah. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda dela s pregledom znanstvene in strokovne literature. Iskanje virov je potekalo v podatkovnih bazah CINAHL, Medline (PubMed) in Google Scholar. V analizo so bili vključeni članki v angleškem jeziku, objavljeni med letoma 2015 in 2025, ki so bili prosto dostopni v celoti in vsebinsko ustrezni glede na tematiko dela. Rezultati: V končno analizo je bilo vključenih enajst enot literature. Visoko intenzivna vadba učinkovito izboljšuje krvni tlak, lipidni profil, telesno sestavo in srčno-žilno funkcijo. Kombinirana vadba se je izkazala za najučinkovitejšo pri zmanjševanju dejavnikov tveganja, medtem ko že zmerna dnevna aktivnost, kot je povečanje števila korakov, pomembno znižuje to tveganje. Pogoste ovire za aktivnost vključujejo pomanjkanje časa, motivacije in dostopa do vadbenih prostorov, medtem ko so glavni motivatorji skrb za zdravje, nadzor telesne teže in socialna podpora. Zgodnja in kirurška menopavza sta se pokazali kot dejavnik večjega tveganja za kardiovaskularne bolezni. Razprava in zaključek: Redna telesna dejavnost ima pomembno varovalno vlogo pri preprečevanju kardiovaskularnih bolezni pri ženskah, pri čemer se kot najučinkovitejši pristop izkazuje kombinacija aerobne vadbe ter vadbe za moč in visoko intenzivna intervalna vadba. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da vplivajo na telesno dejavnost žensk različne ovire, pri čemer imata skrb za zdravje in želja po izgubi telesne mase ključno motivacijsko vlogo. Menopavza predstavlja kritično obdobje za razvoj kardiovaskularnih bolezni, zato je ključnega pomena njeno zgodnje prepoznavanje, ustrezno spremljanje in po potrebi uporaba hormonske terapije.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, kardiovaskularne bolezni, telesna dejavnost, ovire, spodbude, menopavza
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [T. Babnik]
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 35 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-171990
• UDK: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 247787523
• Datum objave v RUL: 05.09.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Physical activity as a protective factor against cardiovascular disease in women : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and a major public health problem. Despite the prevalence of the disease, most cardiovascular events could be prevented by a healthy lifestyle, in particular regular physical activity and a balanced diet. The risk of developing cardiovascular disease increases significantly in women after the age of 50. Despite the many benefits of regular physical activity, women often face various barriers and challenges to exercise. Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to investigate the role of physical activity in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in women. Methods: The descriptive method of work was used in the thesis, with a review of scientific and professional literature. The sources were searched in CINAHL, Medline (PubMed) and Google Scholar databases. The analysis included English-language articles published between 2015 and 2025 that were freely available in full and relevant to the thesis topic. Results: The final analysis included 11 pieces of literature. High-intensity exercise effectively improves blood pressure, lipid profile, body composition and cardiovascular function. Combined exercise has been shown to be the most effective in reducing risk factors. While even moderate daily activity such as increasing the number of steps significantly reduces this risk. Common barriers to activity include lack of time, motivation and access to exercise facilities, while health concerns, weight control and social support are the main motivators. Early and surgical menopause has been shown to be a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Discussion and conclusion: Regular physical activity plays an important protective role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women, and a combination of aerobic and strength training and high-intensity interval training has been shown to be the most effective approach. Various barriers have been found to influence women's physical activity, with health concerns and the desire to lose weight playing a key motivational role. Menopause is a critical period for the development of cardiovascular disease, and early recognition, appropriate monitoring and, if necessary, hormone therapy are essential.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, nursing care, cardiovascular disease, physical activity, barriers, motivation, menopause