Zamenjava prej iz mešanice vlaken z enokomponentnimi prejami v pletivih z namenom lažjega recikliranja

Šturm, Ana Marija (avtor), Demšar, Andrej (mentor), Zupin, Živa (komentor)

Količina tekstilnih odpadkov, ki se odlagajo na odlagališčih ali sežigajo, se iz leta v leto povečuje. Za recikliranje je primeren le majhen delež odpadnega tekstila. Temeljni vzrok za to je v tem, da je večina tekstilnih izdelkov izdelanih iz mešanice vlaken. Namen diplomskega dela je podrobneje raziskati možno rešitev problema – zamenjavo prej iz mešanice vlaken z enokomponentnimi prejami v pletivih z namenom lažjega recikliranja. V eksperimentalnem delu smo želeli raziskati lastnosti bombažnih pletiv in bombažnih pletiv z dodano multifilamentno prejo PA66 in PBT, ki pletivu povečata elastičnost, in jih med seboj primerjati.Namen eksperimentalnega dela je bilo ugotoviti, ali se z različnimi pletenimi strukturami brez dodatka elastana ali drugih elastičnih vlaken vsaj približamo zahtevani elastičnosti za različne namene uporabe. Za raziskavo smo napletli 5 vzorcev pletiv iz 100-odstotne bombažne preje,5 vzorcev iz bombažne preje z dodatkom multifilamentne preje PA66 in 5 vzorcev iz bombažne preje z dodatkom multifilamentne preje PBT. Pletiva so bila napletena v vezavah: 1 x 1 enostavno desno-desno, 1 x 1 založeno levo-desno, 3 x 3 desno-desno, 3 x 3 založeno levodesno in enostavno levo-desno. Vzorce smo oprali, da je PBT pridobil elastične lastnosti in so vzorci postali dimenzijsko stabilni. Na vzorcih smo preiskovali naslednje lastnosti: dolžinska masa uporabljenih prej, horizontalna in vertikalna gostota pletiv pred obdelavo in po njej, debelina pletiv pred obdelavo in po njej, ploščinska masa pletiv po obdelavi, natezne lastnosti pletiv po obdelavi in ciklično obremenjevanje pletiv po obdelavi. Ugotovili smo, da imajo pletiva iz enokomponentne preje (100-odstotne bombažne preje) slabše fizikalno-mehanske in funkcionalne lastnosti kot pletiva z dodanimi elastanskimi prejami PA66 in PBT. Kljub temu pa bi te pomanjkljivosti moralo pretehtati dejstvo, da se enokomponentni izdelki lažje reciklirajo kot izdelki iz mešanice vlaken.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: pletiva, recikliranje, mešanice vlaken, pletene vezave, fizikalno-mehasnke lastnosti
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: NTF - Naravoslovnotehniška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-171927
• Datum objave v RUL: 04.09.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Replacement of fibre blended yarns with single component yarns in knitted fabrics to facilitate recycling

Izvleček

The amount of textile waste that is disposed of in landfills or incinerated is increasing from year to year. Only a small percentage of textile waste is suitable for recycling, primarily. Because most textile products are made from fibre blends. The aim of this diploma thesis is to explore a potential solution to this problem - replacement of fibre blended yarns with single-component yarns in knitted fabrics, thereby facilitating recycling. In the experimental part of the thesis, the objective was to investigate and compare the properties of knitted fabrics made from 100%-cotton yarn with those of knitted fabrics made from cotton with added multifilament yarns made from PA66 and PBT, which are used to increase the elasticity of the knitted fabric. The purpose was to determine whether different knitted structures, without the addition of elastane or other elastic fibres could provide elasticity that is at least approximately sufficient for various applications. For this purpose, five samples of 100%-cotton yarn, five samples of cotton yarn with the addition of multifilament PA66 yarn, and five samples of cotton yarn with the addition of multifilament PBT yarn were knitted in different knitting structures. The samples were then washed to allow the PBT yarns to increase in elasticity and to render the samples dimensionally stable. The fabrics were knitted in the following structures: 1.1 double jersey, 1.1 single jersey with missing stitch (fake ribs), 3.3 double jersey, 3.3 single jersey with missing stitch (fake ribs), and plain single jersey. The following properties of the knitted samples were analysed: the linear density of the yarns used, the horizontal and vertical density of the fabric before and after washing, fabric thickness before and after washing, fabric surface mass after washing, tensile properties after washing, and cyclic loading performance after washing. The findings indicate that fabrics made from single-component yarn (100% cotton) exhibit inferior physical, mechanical, and functional properties compared with knitted fabrics produced from fibre blends with added elastane PA66 and PBT yarn. Nevertheless, despite these shortcomings, the fact that textile products made from single-component yarns are easier to recycle than products made from fibre blended yarns should outweigh the disadvantages.

• Ključne besede: knitted fabrics, recycling, fibre blends, knitting structures, physical-mechanical properties