Introduction: The development of delirium is associated with a complex interplay of numerous risk factors, some of which can be prevented through appropriate interventions. It is a common complication in older patients, as it is linked to prolonged hospitalization, higher mortality, and reduced quality of life. The number of elderly individuals undergoing surgical treatment is increasing, and the incidence of postoperative delirium is rising proportionally with the increasing life expectancy. Delirium increases the risk of falls, functional decline, development of dementia, and it prolongs the duration of hospitalization and increases treatment costs. Nurses play a key role in the early recognition of delirium symptoms and in taking appropriate action. Early detection and treatment of delirium through targeted interventions significantly contribute to preventing long-term consequences. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the role of registered nurses in recognizing and managing postoperative delirium and to examine the impact of delirium on patient recovery. Methods: As part of this thesis, a review of professional and scientific literature was conducted, focusing on the role of nurses in identifying and managing postoperative delirium and on the risk, factors influencing its development. Results: The findings of the literature review emphasize the need for additional education of nurses in recognizing early signs of delirium and integrating evidence-based preventive measures into clinical practice. Although many factors contribute to the onset of delirium, its incidence and associated adverse outcomes can be reduced through proper intervention. Studies show that well-structured interventions targeting pre-identified risks can reduce the incidence of delirium by nearly 30–40%. Discussion and Conclusion: Delirium is a condition that often remains overlooked and underdiagnosed, yet it can have serious consequences for patients. It represents a significant complication during hospitalization and should be treated as a medical emergency. Therefore, the knowledge and competence of nurses in the prevention and management of delirium are crucial, as they are often the first to notice changes in a patient’s cognitive state.
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