Artefakti v mamografiji - sistematični pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Dreu, Neja (avtor), Zadravec, Eva (avtor), Alukić, Erna (mentor), Žibert, Janez (recenzent)

Uvod: Mamografija je pomembna radiološka preiskava za odkrivanje raka dojk. Artefakti lahko zmanjšajo kakovost mamogramov, posnemajo ali prikrijejo nepravilnosti ter povzročijo napake pri diagnosticiranju. Poznamo več vrst artefaktov, ki so povezani s slikovnim sprejemnikom, z aparatom, s pacientom in s procesiranjem in shranjevanjem slik. Radiološki inženir mora biti sposoben prepoznati te artefakte ter vedeti kako jih zmanjšati oziroma odpraviti. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je narediti sistematični pregled literature artefaktov v mamografiji. Podana bo primerjava različnih algoritmov in metod za zmanjševanje ali odstranjevanje artefaktov. Metode dela: V diplomski nalogi smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo s sistematičnim pregledom literature. Strokovne in znanstvene članke smo iskali na podatkovnih bazah PubMed, ScienceDirect ter na spletnem brskalniku Google Scholar. Iskanje literature je potekalo od 7.11.2024 do 14.1.2025 ob upoštevanju vključitvenih in izključitvenih faktorjev. Rezultati: Po pregledu omenjenih podatkovnih baz smo dobili 16556 zadetkov. V končni sistematični pregled smo vključili 15 člankov. Uporabili smo model PRISMA, ki jasno prikazuje korake, ki so vodili do končnega nabora člankov v diplomskem delu. Študije so bile izvedene v različnih državah po svetu. Razprava in zaključek: Ugotovili smo, da artefakti v mamografiji pomembno vplivajo na kakovost slik in lahko vodijo do napačnih diagnoz ter nepotrebnih dodatnih preiskav. Najpogostejši vzroki za njihov nastanek so gibanje pacientov, napačna postavitev, težave s kompresijo in različni tehnični dejavniki, kot so napake pri obdelavi slik in delovanju procesorjev. Napredne tehnologije, kot sta digitalna mamografija in tomosinteza, omogočajo boljšo vizualizacijo struktur dojk, vendar prinašajo tudi specifične artefakte, ki zahtevajo prilagojene algoritme za njihovo odpravo. Raziskave so pokazale, da lahko uporaba algoritmov, bistveno izboljša kakovost slik in zmanjša vpliv artefaktov. Kljub temu ostaja raziskovanje te tematike v Sloveniji omejeno, zato bi bile nadaljnje študije o pojavnosti artefaktov pri različnih napravah izjemno koristne. Naša raziskava tako prispeva k boljšemu razumevanju artefaktov in možnih rešitev za izboljšanje diagnostične natančnosti mamografije.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, radiološka tehnologija, mamografija, artefakti, algoritmi, digitalna tomosinteza dojk, odprava artefaktov, diagnostična ocena slike
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [N. Dreu : E. Zadravec]
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 40 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-171818
• UDK: 616-07
• COBISS.SI-ID: 247458307
• Datum objave v RUL: 03.09.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Artifacts in mammography - systematic literature review : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Mammography is an important radiological examination for the detection of breast cancer. Artifacts can affect the quality of mammographic images, simulate or obscure abnormalities and lead to diagnostic errors. There are several types of artifacts, including those related to the image receptor, equipment, patient, and image processing and storage systems. Radiographers must be able to recognize these artifacts and understand how to minimize or eliminate them. Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to provide a systematic literature review of artifacts in mammography. The thesis provides a comparison of different algorithms and methods used to reduce or eliminate artifacts. Methods: A descriptive method with a systematic literature review was used. Scientific and professional articles were searched using the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases and the Google Scholar search engine. The literature search was conducted between November 7, 2024 and January 14, 2025 and followed defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The initial database search yielded 16,556 results. Fifteen articles were included in the final systematic review. The PRISMA model was used to clearly outline the steps that led to the final selection of studies. The included studies were conducted in different countries worldwide. Discussion and conclusion: The results show that artifacts in mammography can significantly affect image quality and lead to misdiagnosis or unnecessary additional examinations. The most common causes of artifacts include patient movement, improper positioning, problems with breast compression, and various technical factors such as image processing errors and image processor malfunctions. While advanced technologies such as digital mammography and tomosynthesis allow for better visualization of breast structures, they also introduce specific artifacts that require adapted algorithms for correction. Research has shown that the use of appropriate algorithms can significantly improve image quality and reduce interference from artifacts. However, research on this topic is still limited in Slovenia, which emphasizes the need for further studies on the occurrence of artifacts in different mammography systems. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of artifacts in mammography and presents possible solutions to improve diagnostic accuracy.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, radiologic technology, mammography, artifacts, algorithms, digital breast tomosynthesis, artifact removal, diagnostic image evaluation