Vpliv vadbe v vodi na izboljšanje ravnotežja pri osebah s Parkinsonovo boleznijo-pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Lipar, Saša (avtor), Grapar Žargi, Tina (mentor), Mlakar, Nataša (komentor), Palma, Polona (recenzent)

Uvod: Parkinsonova bolezen povzroči motnje gibanja in predstavlja drugo najpogostejšo degenerativno bolezen osrednjega živčnega sistema. Običajno se pojavi pri starejših odraslih in vključuje motorične in nemotorične simptome. Vzrok bolezni v večini primerov ni znan. Največji dejavnik tveganja je starost, saj se tveganje za Parkinsonovo bolezen povečuje s starostjo. Že dolgo velja, da voda spodbuja zdravljenje in se pogosto uporablja pri obvladovanju različnih zdravstvenih težav. Vadba v vodi je vsaka vrsta vadbe, ki se izvaja v vodnem okolju. Fizikalne lastnosti vode pripomorejo k manjši obremenitvi na sklepe, manjšem tveganju za nastanek poškodb ali padcev. Ravnotežje je sposobnost ohraniti pokončno držo ali nadzor nad telesnimi gibi, kar zahteva dobro koordinacijo in ustrezno raven drugih komponent telesne pripravljenosti. Slabši nadzor drže, ki je značilen za Parkinsonovo bolezen, pomembno vpliva na sposobnost ohranjanja ravnotežja. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil s pregledom znanstvene in strokovne literature ugotoviti, kakšen je vpliv vadbe v vodi na izboljšanje ravnotežja pri osebah s Parkinsonovo boleznijo. Metode dela: Literaturo smo iskali v podatkovni zbirki PubMed. Uporabili smo naslednje kombinacije ključnih besed v angleškem jeziku: »aquatic therapy AND Parkinson's disease AND balance«, »hydrotherapy AND Parkinson's disease AND balance«. Rezultati: V pregled literature smo na podlagi vključitvenih in izključitvenih meril vključili pet raziskav, objavljenih po letu 2014. Terapevtski programi so trajali od najmanj pet tednov do največ deset tednov, posamezne terapije pa od najmanj 30 minut do največ 60 minut. Izvajanje terapevtskih programov se je izkazalo kot učinkovito za izboljšanje ravnotežja, saj je v štirih raziskavah prišlo do statistično značilnega izboljšanja v eksperimentalni skupini v primerjavi s kontrolno. Razprava in zaključek: Ugotovili smo, da ima vadba v vodi pomemben vpliv na izboljšanje ravnotežja pri pacientih s Parkinsonovo boleznijo, prav tako pa prispeva k zmanjšanju tveganja za padce, izboljša nadzor drže, mišično zmogljivost in učinkovitost hoje. Potrebne bi bile nadaljnje raziskave, v katerih bi bilo smiselno standardizirati terapevtske programe vadbe v vodi, kar bi omogočilo natančnejšo primerjavo rezultatov.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, Parkinsonova bolezen, vadba v vodi, ravnotežje
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [S. Lipar]
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 30 str., [1] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-171529
• UDK: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 246871811
• Datum objave v RUL: 28.08.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Effect of water exercise on balance improvement in people with Parkinson's disease-literature review : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Parkinson's disease causes movement disorders and is the second most common degenerative disease of the central nervous system. It usually occurs in older adults and includes motor and non-motor symptoms. In most cases, the cause of the disease is unknown. The greatest risk factor is age, as the risk of Parkinson's disease increases with age. Water has long been considered a healing agent and is often used to manage various health problems. Aquatic therapy is any type of exercise performed in a water enviroment. The physical properties of water contribute to less stress on joints, a lower risk on injury or falls. Balance is the ability to maintain an upright posture or control body movements, which requires good coordination and adequate level of other components of physical fitness. Impaired postural control, which is characteristic of Parkinson's disease, significantly affects the ability to maintain balance. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis was to review scientific and professional literature to determine the impact of aquatic therapy on improving balance in people with Parkinson's disease. Methods: The literature was searched in the PubMed database. The following combinations of keywords in English were used: »aquatic therapy AND Parkinson's disease AND balance«, »hydrotherapy AND Parkinson's disease AND balance«. Results: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included five studies published after 2014 in the literature review. Therapeutic programs lasted from minimum five weeks to a maximum of ten weeks, and individual therapies lasted from minimum of 30 minutes to a maximum of 60 minutes. The implementation of therapeutic programs proved to be effective in improving balance, as in four studies there was a statistically significant improvement in the experimental group compared to the control group. Discussion and conclusion: We found that aquatic therapy has a significant impact on improving balance in patients with Parkinson's disease. It also contributes to reducing fall risk, enhancing postural control, increasing muscle strength and improving gait performance. Further research would be needed in which it would be reasonable to standardize therapeutic aquatic exercise programs, which would allow for more accurate comparison of results.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, physiotherapy, Parkinson's disease, aquatic therapy, balance