Critical factors affecting the strength of climbing ropes : a study of wear, fatigue loading and temperature

Oman, Simon (avtor), Klemenc, Jernej (avtor), Gosar, Aleš (avtor), Nagode, Marko (avtor)

Climbing ropes are critical safety equipment, yet there is little data on how various stress factors affect their load-bearing capacity over time. This study investigates the individual and combined effects of wear, cyclic loading and elevated temperature on the quasi-static strength of dynamic 9.8 mm kernmantle ropes. Wear was introduced through a reproducible mechanical abrasion process; dynamic fatigue was simulated with 300 cyclic tensile loads of 15 kN; and temperature effects were investigated by exposing the ropes to 100 °C for up to 8 h. The results revealed that: i) severe sheath wear led to an average reduction in rope strength of 16.7 %, with the sheath losing 56.8 % and the core 1.8 % of its strength; ii) an 8-hour heat load at 100 °C reduced the load-bearing capacity of the rope by an average of 24.3 %, with the sheath losing 22.3 % and the core 14 % of its strength; iii) surprisingly, cyclic fatigue loading improved the static load-bearing capacity by an average of 5.5 %, possibly due to an internal rearrangement of the rope strands enhancing structural support; iv) the combined effect of wear and temperature was less than additive: maximum wear plus 8 h of heat exposure reduced the strength to 73.9 % of the original value, compared to the predicted combined decrease of 59 % if the effects were additive. These results provide critical insights into rope degradation mechanisms and demonstrate that combined stress factors interact in complex, non-linear ways.

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Ključne besede: climbing ropes, wear, dynamic loading, temperature, tensile strength, ageing, degradation, fatigue, polyamide 6
• Vrsta gradiva: Članek v reviji
• Tipologija: 1.01 - Izvirni znanstveni članek
• Organizacija: FS - Fakulteta za strojništvo
• Status publikacije: Objavljeno
• Različica publikacije: Objavljena publikacija
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 16 str.
• Številčenje: Vol. 27, art. 106471
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-171260
• UDK: 539.412:620.178.3
• ISSN pri članku: 2590-1230
• DOI: 10.1016/j.rineng.2025.106471
• COBISS.SI-ID: 246191107
• Datum objave v RUL: 21.08.2025

Gradivo je del revije

• Naslov: Results in engineering
• Založnik: Elsevier
• ISSN: 2590-1230
• COBISS.SI-ID: 529862681

Licence

• Licenca: CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva-Nekomercialno-Brez predelav 4.0 Mednarodna
• Povezava: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.sl
• Opis: Najbolj omejujoča licenca Creative Commons. Uporabniki lahko prenesejo in delijo delo v nekomercialne namene in ga ne smejo uporabiti za nobene druge namene.

Projekti

• Financer: ARIS - Javna agencija za znanstvenoraziskovalno in inovacijsko dejavnost Republike Slovenije
• Številka projekta: P2-0182
• Naslov: Razvojna vrednotenja