Pristopi in orodja izvajanja zdravstvene vzgoje pacientov po akutnem miokardnem infarktu v programu ambulantne kardiološke rehabilitacije : diplomsko delo

Mujanović, Sadija (avtor), Kvas, Andreja (mentor), Farkaš-Lainščak, Jerneja (komentor), Matić, Lucija (recenzent)

Uvod: Bolezni srca in žilja so vodilni vzrok obolevnosti in umrljivosti na svetu, med njimi je po pogostosti v ospredju akutni miokardni infarkt. Po odpustu iz bolnišnice se pacientom z akutnim miokardnim infarktom pogosto priporoča vključitev v program ambulantne kardiološke rehabilitacije, kjer ima pomembno vlogo zdravstvena vzgoja. Ta mora biti prilagojena posamezniku, celostno zasnovana ter podprta z ustreznimi sodobnimi pristopi in orodji. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pomočjo pregleda domače in tuje literature proučiti pristope ter orodja za izvajanje načrtovane zdravstvene vzgoje, ki jih izvajajo člani zdravstvenega tima pri pacientih po akutnem miokardnem infarktu v program ambulantne kardiološke rehabilitacije. Metode dela: Izveden je bil pregled domače in tuje znanstvene literature. Literaturo smo iskali v podatkovnih bazah MEDLINE, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) in ERIC. Pomagali smo si tudi s spletnim iskalnikom Google Učenjak. Starost literature smo omejili od leta 2015 do 2025. Rezultati: Tradicionalni, strukturirani pristopi zdravstvene vzgoje se še vedno pogosto uporabljajo, predvsem kadar vključujejo pridobivanje in ponavljanje znanja ter nudijo osnovno psihološko podporo. Intenzivni programi zdravstvene vzgoje, ki temeljijo na kontinuiranem spremljanju pacienta, še posebej če jih vodijo medicinske sestre, povečujejo pacientovo razumevanje bolezni in spodbujajo dolgoročne vedenjske spremembe. Kombinacija osebnih stikov, svetovanja in digitalnih tehnologij, kot so videokonference, mobilne aplikacije, nosljive naprave in spletne platforme, pomembno prispeva k izboljšanju z zdravjem povezane kakovosti življenja, samostojnosti in angažiranosti pacientov. Razprava in zaključek: Primerni pristopi zdravstvene vzgoje po akutnem miokardnem infarktu so tisti, ki so individualno prilagojeni, interdisciplinarni ter združujejo tradicionalne in digitalne pristope izvajanja zdravstvene vzgoje. Medicinske sestre imajo pomembno vlogo pri podpori in spremljanju pacientov. Digitalna orodja povečujejo dostopnost in omogočajo kontinuiteto, vendar je treba upoštevati tudi digitalno pismenost pacientov. Potrebne so nadaljnje raziskave, da bi programe zdravstvene vzgoje bolje prilagodili dejanskim razmeram in potrebam pacientov v slovenskem okolju ter jih naredili bolj učinkovite.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, medicinske sestre, kardiološka rehabilitacija, učenje pacientov, učne oblike, digitalna orodja
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [S. Mujanović]
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 27 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-170699
• UDK: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 243028995
• Datum objave v RUL: 13.07.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Approaches and tools of health education for patients after acute myocardial infarction in the outpatient cardiovascular rehabilitation program : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with acute myocardial infarction being one of the most common among them. After hospital discharge, patients with acute myocardial infarction are often advised to participate in an outpatient cardiac rehabilitation program, where health education plays an important role. This education must be individualized, comprehensively designed, and supported by appropriate modern approaches and tools. Purpose: The aim of the thesis is to investigate, through a review of national and international literature, which approaches and tools for the implementation of planned health education should be used by members of the healthcare team in post-acute myocardial infarction patients in the outpatient cardiovascular rehabilitation program. Methods: The descriptive method of work was used, with a review of domestic and foreign scientific literature. MEDLINE, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) and ERIC databases were searched for literature. We also used the Google Scholar search engine. We limited the age of the literature to the period from 2015 to 2025. Results: Traditional, structured approaches to health education remain effective, especially when they involve repetition of information and basic psychological support. Intensive health education programs based on continuous patient monitoring, particularly when led by nurses, enhance patients' understanding of their condition and promote long-term behavioral changes. A combination of personal contact, counselling, and digital technologies, such as videoconferencing, mobile applications, wearable devices, and online platforms, significantly contributes to improving health-related quality of life, patient independence and engagement. Discussion and conclusion: The most effective approaches to health education after acute myocardial infarction are those that are individually tailored, interdisciplinary, and combine traditoonal and digital methods of delivering health education. Nurses play a key role in supporting and monitoring patients throughout the process. Digital tools enhance accessibility and ensure continuity of care, but patients' digital literacy must also be taken into account. Further research is needed to better adapt health education programs to real-life conditions and specific needs of patients in the Slovenian context and to increase their overall effectiveness.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, nursing care, nurses, cardiac rehabilitation, patient education, educational methods, digital tools