Resveratrol, a stilbene polyphenol with potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective properties, holds significant value in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Although grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of its richest natural sources, resveratrol concentrations in plants are often limited due to environmental factors and the plant’s developmental stage. As an effective alternative, plant cell suspension cultures are increasingly being recognized for their ability to enable sustainable, controlled, and year-round production of high-purity, traceable resveratrol. In the studies reviewed, the highest yield of 4.18 g per liter of culture medium was achieved through precise optimization of growth conditions, including biomass concentration, aeration, light regime, and the sequential addition of specific elicitors. A particular challenge is the scale-up of the process from laboratory flasks to larger bioreactors, where mixing, aeration, and nutrient supply must be carefully balanced to maintain cell viability and high productivity. Cell suspension cultures also align with the principles of green biotechnology, reducing environmental impact: the production requires less space, fewer natural resources (e.g., water, land), and exerts less pressure on the environment. Moreover, this method allows for the application of metabolic engineering tools, opening new possibilities for further enhancing resveratrol production tailored to specific industrial needs.
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