Sovereign states have the responsibility to protect their populations from atrocities such as genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing and crimes against humanity. If they fail to do so or are even complicit in these acts, this responsibility shifts to the actors in the international community. The member states of the United Nations have unanimously adopted the concept of the Responsibility to Protect, and according to it, they are obligated to intervene with appropriate measures. However, mass atrocities still occur, such as the persecution of persons belonging to the Rohingya minority in Myanmar, which has led to their large-scale displacement to neighbouring countries. This Master's thesis examines the effectiveness of the Responsibility to Protect concept and the role of actors in the international community in protecting human rights. It focuses on the development and content of the concept and links it to the response of neighbouring countries, the United Nations, a regional and other international organisations to the humanitarian crisis in Myanmar. The Master's thesis demonstrates that the effectiveness of the concept is primarily influenced by the political will of international actors, as well as the consideration of preventive aspects, co-operation between actors and ensuring accountability of perpetrators.
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