Učinek ishemične vadbe na zmogljivost ramenskih mišic pri zdravih odraslih - pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Vacik, Tim (avtor), Jakovljević, Miroljub (mentor), Petrič, Maja (komentor), Kacin, Alan (recenzent)

Uvod: Ishemična telesna vadba je vadba z namernim zmanjšanjem pretoka krvi skozi aktivne mišice, ki se običajno doseže z uporabo kompresijske manšete. Dandanes je že v uporabi za odpravljanje šibkosti in atrofije mišic, še posebej na spodnjih udih, kar je tudi bolje raziskano. Malo je znanega o učinku te vadbe za krepitev ramenskih mišic, ki ležijo proksimalno od manšete. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil s pomočjo pregleda literature ugotoviti, kako ishemična vadba učinkuje na krepitev ramenskih mišic pri zdravih odraslih. Metode dela: Pregled literature je bil opravljen v podatkovni zbirki PubMed. Uporabljene so bile ključne besede: »upper extremity AND blood flow restriction OR upper extremity AND BFR«. Upoštevana so bila vključitvena merila, da so vsi članki randomizirane nadzorovane raziskave, napisani v angleškem jeziku, objavljeni od vključno leta 2020 do vključno leta 2024 in v katerih so preučevali učinke ishemične vadbe za krepitev ramenskih mišic pri zdravih odraslih osebah. Rezultati: V pregled literature je bilo vključenih pet raziskav s skupino preiskovancev, ki so izvajali ishemično vadbo sočasno z drugimi vrstami vadbe in jo primerjali s skupino s posamezno vrsto vadbe. Dodatno so v nekaterih raziskavah vključevali skupino z okluzijo brez izvajanja vaj, skupino, kjer so spremljali kontralateralni učinek, ali skupino, kjer niso izvajali nobene telesne vadbe. V raziskavah so izvajali različne vadbene programe z različnim trajanjem. V treh raziskavah so ugotovili statistično značilna (p < 0,05 ali p < 0,01) izboljšanja jakosti ramenskih mišic, v eni pa povečanje sile, ki jo izvaja mišica zaradi njene prejšnje kontrakcije, najbolj pri četrti minuti po vadbi (p < 0,05). V eni od raziskav so sicer opazili izboljšanja, vendar ta niso bila statistično značilna. Razprava in zaključek: S pregledom literature smo ugotovili, da je nizko intenzivna ishemična telesna vadba v kombinaciji z drugimi tipi vadbe učinkovita za krepitev ramenskih mišic v primerjavi z drugimi vrstami telesne vadbe, kar nakazuje na učinek ishemične vadbe na mišice, ki ležijo proksimalno od manšete. Za zanesljivejše dokaze o učinku na ramenske mišice bi bile potrebne nadaljnje raziskave.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, ishemična vadba, ramenske mišice, učinek proksimalno od manšete, zdravi odrasli
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [T. Vacik]
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 31 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-170030
• UDK: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 241278723
• Datum objave v RUL: 02.07.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The effect of blood flow restriction training on shoulder muscle capacity in healthy adults - literature review : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Blood flow restriction training is a type of training with intentional restriction of blood flow through active muscles, which is achieved by tourniquet. Nowadays it is already utilized to eliminate muscle weakness and atrophy in lower extremities, which are already comprehensively researched. Currently there is hardly any research of the effects of this training on strengthening the shoulder muscles proximal to the tourniquet. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to review the literature on how blood flow restriction training affects strength of the shoulder muscles in healthy adults. Methods: The literature search was conducted in the PubMed database. The keywords used were: “upper extremity AND blood flow restriction OR upper extremity AND BFR.” Studies that were randomized controlled trials, written in English, published inclusively between 2020 and 2024 and researched the effects of blood flow restriction training on strengthening the shoulder muscles in healthy adults, met the inclusion criteria. Results: Five studies were included in the literature review, each including a group of subjects performing blood flow restriction training in combination with other training programmes, compared to control group. Additionally, some studies included a group with occlusion without training programme, a group observing contralateral effects or a group with sedentary rest. Training programmes and their duration varied throughout the studies. Three of the studies observed statistically significant increases (p < 0,05 or p < 0,01) of the shoulder muscles strength, and one found a short-term effect of post activation potentiation enhancement, especially at fourth minute after training (p < 0,05). Another one observed greater increase in muscle strength, but it was not statistically significant. Discussion and conclusion: In this literature review we concluded that low intensity blood flow restriction training in combination with other types of training programmes is effective for strengthening shoulder muscles which implies at the effect of blood flow restriction training on muscles proximal to the tourniquet. Further research is needed to prove this effect on shoulder muscles.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, physiotherapy, blood flow restriction training, shoulder muscles, effect proximal to the tourniquet, healthy adults