Umetna inteligenca v zdravstveni negi : diplomsko delo

Špajzer, Matic (avtor), Ficzko, Jelena (mentor), Mihelič Zajec, Andreja (komentor), Dolničar, Danica (recenzent)

Uvod: Umetna inteligenca ima velik potencial za uporabo v zdravstveni negi. Hiter tehnološki razvoj in naložbe v umetno inteligenco za zdravstveno varstvo odpirajo nove možnosti za izboljšanje kakovosti zdravstvene oskrbe, vendar njena uporaba hkrati odpira tudi pomembna etična vprašanja, ki jih je treba skrbno obravnavati. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil pregledati področja uporabe umetne inteligence v zdravstveni negi, predstaviti njeno potencialno uporabnost v kliničnem okolju ter izpostaviti etične vidike njene uporabe. Metode dela: Uporabljena je bila deskriptivna metoda z izvedbo pregleda literature. Izvedli smo dva ločena pregleda literature. Prvi se je osredotočal na uporabnost umetne inteligence v zdravstveni negi, drugi pa na etične vidike njene uporabe. Analizirani so bili znanstveni članki, izdani med letoma 2018 in 2023, iz podatkovnih zbirk CINAHL Ultimate in PubMed ter iskalnika Google Učenjak. Dodatno smo poiskali tudi obstoječa priporočila za etično uporabo umetne inteligence v zdravstveni negi. Rezultati: Ugotovili smo, da ima umetna inteligenca potencialno uporabnost na več ključnih področjih zdravstvene nege. Identificirani so bili modeli, ki omogočajo napoved tveganj za paciente, kot so okužbe sečil, razjede zaradi pritiska, poslabšanje zdravstvenega stanja in padci. Prepoznani so bili tudi modeli za podporo dokumentiranju zdravstvene nege z uporabo prepoznavanja govora, generiranja zapisov ter kategorizacije simptomov in pacientov. Pri oskrbi ran umetna inteligenca omogoča klasifikacijo vrst in tkiv ter natančno merjenje ran. Robotski sistemi pa nudijo podporo pri izvajanju nalog medicinskih sester v okviru diagnostično-terapevtskega programa, kot so merjenje vitalnih funkcij, priprava terapije in pomoč pri mobilnosti. Na področju etike so bila izpostavljena ključna vprašanja, povezana z varovanjem zasebnosti in varnosti pacientovih podatkov, zagotavljanjem zaupanja in razložljivosti algoritmov, opredelitvijo odgovornosti za odločitve, spoštovanjem pacientove avtonomije ter zagotavljanjem pravične in nepristranske uporabe umetne inteligence v zdravstveni negi. Razprava in zaključek: Umetna inteligenca ponuja nove priložnosti za izboljšanje zdravstvene nege, vendar njena uporaba odpira kompleksna etična vprašanja ter zahteva nadaljnje raziskave in vrednotenje v kliničnem okolju.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, umetna inteligenca, strojno učenje, obdelava naravnega jezika, računalniški vid, robotika, etika, medicinske sestre
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [M. Špajzer]
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 51 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-170014
• UDK: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 241238019
• Datum objave v RUL: 02.07.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Artificial intelligence in nursing : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Artificial intelligence holds significant potential for application in nursing care. Rapid technological development and increasing investments in artificial intelligence for healthcare are opening up new opportunities to improve the quality of nursing care. However, its use also raises important ethical questions that must be addressed carefully. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to review the areas of application of artificial intelligence in nursing care, present its potential usefulness in the clinical environment, and highlight the ethical aspects of its implementation. Methods: A descriptive research method was used with a literature review. Two separate literature reviews were conducted, the first focused on the practical use of artificial intelligence in nursing care, and the second on the ethical aspects of its application. Scientific articles published between 2018 and 2023 were analyzed using the databases CINAHL Ultimate, PubMed, and the Google Scholar search engine. In addition, existing recommendations for the ethical use of artificial intelligence in nursing care were also reviewed. Results: It was found that artificial intelligence has potential usability in several key areas of nursing care. Identified models allow for the prediction of risks such as urinary tract infections, pressure injuries, deterioration of health status, and patient falls. Systems supporting nursing documentation were also recognized, including tools for speech recognition, automated documentation, and symptom or patient categorization. In wound care, artificial intelligence enables classification of wound types and tissue, as well as precise wound measurement. Robotic systems provide support in performing nursing tasks within the diagnostic and therapeutic program, such as measuring vital signs, preparing therapy, and assisting with mobility. Within the ethical domain, several key issues were highlighted, including the protection of patient data privacy and security, the importance of trust and algorithm transparency, clear definition of responsibility for decisions made with artificial intelligence, respect for patient autonomy, and the need to ensure fair and unbiased use of artificial intelligence in clinical nursing practice. Discussion and conclusion: Artificial intelligence offers new opportunities to improve nursing care, but its implementation raises complex ethical challenges and requires further research and validation in clinical settings.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, nursing care, artificial intelligence, machine learning, natural language processing, computer vision, robotics, ethics, nurses