Sheet metal forming is a crucial process in the ventilation duct manufacturing industry, where precise bending has a direct impact on system performance. However, generalized data is often used to determine bending forces and distances, which result in discrepancies between calculated and actual values. This study experimentally investigates free bending and calibration using a V-die, analyzing the forces and distances required to achieve bend angles of 120° and 90°. Three different materials of varying thicknesses were tested, and springback behavior following bending was examined. Bending and calibration forces were measured, and the influence of different distances of the testing machine's punch travel toward the die on the final angle of the test specimens was evaluated. The results establish a correlation between the calculated and experimentally obtained force and distance values, highlight the effect of springback, and identify optimal parameters for the selected materials. The acquired data provides a better understanding of sheet metal bending and supports process adjustments for more precise angle attainment in industrial applications.
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