The focus of this research is on multifunctional vegetated building envelope systems that combine rainwater retention, mitigation of thermal loads, and integration of solar technologies. The study specifically addresses extensive green roofs enhanced with a water reservoir and photovoltaic modules, investigating the impact of these upgrades on thermal performance and evapotranspiration dynamics. An advanced numerical model of heat and mass transfer was developed, incorporating drought-induced stress conditions, the presence of an air gap above the water reservoir, and the implementation of photovoltaic modules as a boundary condition. The model was validated through experimental measurements under real environmental conditions, including gravimetric determination of latent heat flux (evapotranspiration). The study confirmed the significantly altered thermal response of vegetated systems with water storage and highlighted the importance of accurately modelling heat exchange processes in the presence of photovoltaic panels. Parametric models were developed for estimating the surface temperature of shaded green roofs and cooled photovoltaic modules, enabling the evaluation of their impact on urban microclimate. A method was proposed for determining indicators of dynamic thermal stability of the building envelope, incorporating the effects of latent heat transfer, thus allowing for a realistic assessment of the advantages of vegetated systems over conventional construction assemblies. The results contribute to the improved integration of these technologies into sustainable urban planning and provide a foundation for further development.
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