Odzivi 5 – 6 let starih otrok v neposrednem stiku z različnimi živimi živalmi ter vpliv neposredne izkušnje na odnos do živali : diplomsko delo

Kolenc, Julija (avtor), Kos, Marjanca (mentor)

Otroci že v zgodnjem otroštvu razvijajo odnos do narave in živali, pri čemer imajo neposredne izkušnje ključno vlogo pri oblikovanju njihovega dojemanja živalskega sveta. Raziskave kažejo, da lahko neposreden stik z živimi živalmi prispeva k zmanjšanju strahu in predsodkov ter spodbuja razvoj empatije in odgovornosti do živih bitij. V diplomskem delu sem izvedla dve raziskavi. V prvi raziskavi sem preučevala vedenjske in čustveno-telesne odzive 80 otrok, starih 5–6 let, ob neposrednem stiku s hišnim kuncem, voščeno rego, sončnim hroščem in deževnikom. Raziskovala sem tudi, ali pri teh odzivih prihaja do razlik med spoloma. Otroci so imeli možnost opazovanja, dotikanja in rokovanja z živalmi, pri čemer sem spremljala njihove vedenjske odzive in jih ovrednotila s pomočjo petstopenjske lestvice negativnih občutij. Podatke sem zbirala tudi preko kratkih intervjujev, v katerih so otroci opisovali svoja čustva in telesna občutja ob stiku s posamezno živaljo. Druga raziskava se je osredotočila na učinkovitost pedagoškega pristopa, ki vključuje kratkotrajno gojenje žive živali z načrtovanimi dejavnostmi v vrtčevski skupini. V njej je sodelovalo 21 otrok, starih 5–6 let, ki so imeli dvodnevno izkušnjo neposrednega spoznavanja in gojenja voščene rege. Po zaključenih dejavnostih sem ponovno preverila njihove odzive, da bi ugotovila, ali je ponavljajoči se neposredni stik z voščeno rego vplival na spremembo odnosa otrok do te živalske vrste. V prvi raziskavi se je izkazalo, da so otroci različno reagirali do različnih živali. Njihovi odzivi do nevretenčarjev so bili bolj negativni kot pa do vretenčarjev. Rezultati druge raziskave pa so pokazali, da daljša izpostavljenost določeni živali, v našem primeru voščeni regi, prispeva k bolj pozitivnemu odnosu in zmanjšanju predsodkov do te določene vrste. V obeh raziskavah pa med spoloma ni bilo opaznih večjih razlik. Zaključujem, da omogočanje neposrednih izkušenj z živimi živalmi učinkovita metoda pri oblikovanju pozitivnega odnosa do živali v predšolskem obdobju. Rezultati mojega diplomskega dela poudarjajo pomen vključevanja živih živali v vzgojno-izobraževalni proces in ponujajo smernice za uporabo tovrstnih pristopov v vrtcih.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: predšolski otroci, odnos do živali, izkustveno učenje, začetno naravoslovje, predsodki do živali
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: PEF - Pedagoška fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: J. Kolenc
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 42 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-169748
• UDK: 373.2(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 238745859
• Datum objave v RUL: 07.06.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Reactions of 5- to 6-Year-Old Children to Direct Contact with Various Living Animals and the Effects of Direct Experience on Attitudes Towards Animals

Izvleček

Children develop an attitude towards nature and animals from an early age, with direct experiences playing a crucial role in shaping their perception of the animal world. Research shows that direct contact with live animals can help reduce fear and prejudice, while promoting the development of empathy and responsibility toward living beings. In this thesis, I conducted two studies. The first study examined the behavioral and emotional physical responses of 80 children aged 5–6 years in direct contact with a pet rabbit, a green tree frog, a sun beetle, and an earthworm, as well as whether there are gender differences in these responses. The children had the opportunity to observe, touch, and handle the animals, while I monitored their behavioral responses and evaluated them using a five-point scale of negative feelings. Data was also collected through short interviews in which the children described their emotions and physical sensations during contact with individual animals. The second study focused on the effectiveness of a pedagogical approach involving short-term care of live animals with planned activities in a kindergarten group. This study involved 21 children, aged 5–6 years, who had a two-day experience of directly engaging with and caring for the green tree frog. After the activities were completed, I assessed their responses again to determine whether repeated direct contact with the frog influenced changes in the children's attitudes toward this particular species. In the first study, it was found that children reacted differently to different animals. Their responses to invertebrates were more negative than to vertebrates. The results of the second study showed that prolonged exposure to a specific animal – in our case, the green tree frog – contributes to a more positive attitude and a reduction of prejudice toward that particular species. In both studies, no notable gender differences were observed. In conclusion, providing direct experiences with live animals is an effective method for shaping a positive attitude toward animals in early childhood. The results of my thesis highlight the importance of implementing live animals into educational processes and offer guidelines for applying such approaches in kindergartens.

• Ključne besede: preschool children, attitudes toward animals, experiential learning, early science education, animal prejudice