Exploring decentralized warehouse management using large language models : a proof of concept

Berlec, Tomaž (avtor), Corn, Marko (avtor), Varljen, Sergej (avtor), Podržaj, Primož (avtor)

The Fourth Industrial Revolution has introduced “shared manufacturing” as a key concept that leverages digitalization, IoT, blockchain, and robotics to redefine the production and delivery of manufacturing services. This paper presents a novel approach to decentralized warehouse management integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) into the decision-making processes of autonomous agents, which serves as a proof of concept for shared manufacturing. A multi-layered system architecture consisting of physical, digital shadow, organizational, and protocol layers was developed to enable seamless interactions between parcel and warehouse agents. Shared Warehouse game simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of LLM-driven agents in managing warehouse services, including direct and pooled offers, in a competitive environment. The simulation results show that the LLM-controlled agent clearly outperformed traditional random strategies in decentralized warehouse management. In particular, it achieved higher warehouse utilization rates, more efficient resource allocation, and improved profitability in various competitive scenarios. The LLM agent consistently ensured optimal warehouse allocation and strategically selected offers, reducing empty capacity and maximizing revenue. In addition, the integration of LLMs improves the robustness of decision-making under uncertainty by mitigating the impact of randomness in the environment and ensuring consistent, contextualized responses. This work represents a significant advance in the application of AI to decentralized systems. It provides insights into the complexity of shared manufacturing networks and paves the way for future research in distributed production systems.

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Ključne besede: shared manufacturing, decentralized warehouse, large language models, multi-agent systems, resource optimization, capacity pooling, decision theory
• Vrsta gradiva: Članek v reviji
• Tipologija: 1.01 - Izvirni znanstveni članek
• Organizacija: FS - Fakulteta za strojništvo
• Status publikacije: Objavljeno
• Različica publikacije: Objavljena publikacija
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 35 str.
• Številčenje: Vol. 15, iss. 10, art. 5734
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-169440
• UDK: 658.5
• ISSN pri članku: 2076-3417
• DOI: 10.3390/app15105734
• COBISS.SI-ID: 237539331
• Datum objave v RUL: 28.05.2025

Gradivo je del revije

• Naslov: Applied sciences
• Skrajšan naslov: Appl. sci.
• Založnik: MDPI
• ISSN: 2076-3417
• COBISS.SI-ID: 522979353

Licence

• Licenca: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Priznanje avtorstva 4.0 Mednarodna
• Povezava: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.sl
• Opis: To je standardna licenca Creative Commons, ki daje uporabnikom največ možnosti za nadaljnjo uporabo dela, pri čemer morajo navesti avtorja.

Projekti

• Financer: ARRS - Agencija za raziskovalno dejavnost Republike Slovenije
• Številka projekta: P2-0270
• Naslov: Proizvodni sistemi, laserske tehnologije in spajanje materialov

• Financer: Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology of the Republic of Slovenia
• Številka projekta: 100-15-0510