Introduction: Proper thyroid function during pregnancy is essential, as it affects the healthy
development and growth of the foetus. The most common thyroid diseases during pregnancy
are hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Both diseases have a significant impact on
reproductive health, pregnancy, childbirth, the postpartum period, and the newborn. With
early detection and appropriate treatment, these diseases can be effectively managed, thereby
improving the quality of life for pregnant women. Purpose: We aimed to investigate how
hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism affect pregnancy and, consequently, the foetus. Our
goal is to raise awareness among healthcare and obstetric professionals, as well as the general
public, about the importance of recognising and monitoring these two diseases during
pregnancy. Methods: A descriptive research method was used, supported by a systematic
review of scientific literature. The search was limited to sources published between 2014
and 2024. As literature in Slovene is limited, the focus was placed on English-language
sources accessed via the PubMed, CINAHL, and ScienceDirect databases. An additional
inclusion criterion was full-text availability of the articles. Results: Vitamin D has a
significant effect on thyroid function, as it is often deficient in individuals with thyroid
diseases. Supplementation with nutritional supplements is essential to ensure optimal thyroid
function. People with hypothyroidism are also more prone to iron deficiency and,
consequently, to the development of anaemia. As with vitamin D, iron should also be
supplemented to reduce the risk of anaemia. Discussion and conclusion: It is crucial for
midwives to be familiar with thyroid diseases and their effects on pregnancy, childbirth, and
the postpartum period, as this knowledge can contribute to higher-quality care for women.
In order to improve maternity care, universal screening of thyroid hormone levels in
pregnant women should be introduced, thereby enhancing the health of both mothers and
their children.
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