Značilnosti ustnega mikrobioma pri prezgodnjem porodu

Vidmar Šimic, Marijana (avtor), Premru Sršen, Tanja (mentor), Peterlin, Borut (komentor)

Prezgodnji porod je eden glavnih vzrokov za obolevnost in umrljivost novorojencev. Med številnimi dejavniki tveganja za prezgodnji porod je neodvisni dejavnik tudi parodontalna bolezen. Dosedanje metaanalize, ki so preučevale predvsem znane ustne patogene bakterije v povezavi s prezgodnjim porodom, povezave s specifično bakterijo niso potrdile. Objavljenih raziskav, ki bi ugotavljale sestavo ustnega mikrobioma z metodo 16S rRNA pri prezgodnjem porodu in jo primerjale z mikrobiomom pri porodu ob terminu, je do sedaj malo in so narejene na manjšem številu vključenih nosečnic s prezgodnjim porodom. Namen naše raziskave je bilo s sekvenciranjem 16S rRNA regije V3–V4 določiti značilnosti ustnega mikrobioma slovenske kohorte zdravih nosečnic, ki so rodile ob predvidenem dnevu poroda, ter ugotoviti, ali obstaja razlika v vrstni raznolikosti in bogatosti ustnega mikrobioma med nosečnicami s prezgodnjim porodom v primerjavi z nosečnicami, ki rodijo ob terminu. Dominantna debla bakterij so bila Firmicutes, Proteobacteria (Pseudomonadota), Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria in Actinobacteria. Nadalje smo prikazali, da ni razlike v vrstni raznolikosti in bogatosti ustnega mikrobioma pri prezgodnjem in terminskem porodu, ob tem pa dokazali povečano prisotnost posameznih bakterijskih rodov, in sicer rodov Prevotella, Capnocytophaga in Veillonella, pri prezgodnjem porodu v primerjavi s terminskim porodom. V drugem delu naše raziskave smo izvedli globalno transkriptomsko analizo materine periferne krvi z metodo RNA-sekvenciranja in skušali ugotoviti, ali je mikrobiomski profil povezan s sistemskim odzivom. Ugotovili smo bakterijske rodove, ki so povzročili spremenjen transkriptomski odziv v 26 genih. Potreba je po dodatnih analizah na večjem številu vključenih za morebitni dokaz do sedaj še neznanih ustnih patogenih organizmov ali pa morda z njimi najti nove, v klinični praksi uporabne markerje za prezgodnji porod.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: ustni mikrobiom, transkriptom, prezgodnji porod, parodontalna bolezen
• Vrsta gradiva: Doktorsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: MF - Medicinska fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-168585
• Datum objave v RUL: 18.04.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The characteristic of oral microbiome in preterm labor

Izvleček

Preterm birth is one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Periodontal disease is an independent risk factor for preterm birth. Previous meta-analyses, which mainly studied known oral pathogenic bacteria associated with preterm birth, did not confirm the association with a specific oral bacteria. There are few published studies about oral microbiome composition using the 16S rRNA method in preterm birth, and they have been conducted on a small number of pregnant women. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the oral microbiome using 16S rRNA V3–V4 sequencing in a Slovenian cohort of healthy pregnant women who delivered at term and to determine whether there is a difference in the diversity and richness of the oral microbiome between pregnant women with preterm birth compared to pregnant women who give birth at term. The dominant bacterial phyla were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria (Pseudomonadota), Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Although no difference in the diversity and richness of the oral microbiome in preterm and term birth was detected, an increased presence of individual bacterial genera, namely Prevotella, Capnocytophaga, and Veillonella, was shown in preterm compared to term birth. In the second part of our study, we performed a global transcriptomic analysis of maternal peripheral blood using the RNA-sequencing method and tried to determine whether the microbiome profile is associated with the systemic response. We identified bacterial genera that caused the altered transcriptomic response of 26 genes. Additional analyses on a more significant number of participants are needed to potentially identify previously unknown oral pathogenic organisms or perhaps to identify new markers for preterm birth that can be used in clinical practice.

• Ključne besede: oral microbiome, transcriptome, preterm birth, periodontal disease