Vpliv rednega trenažnega programa na variabilnost dihalnih in metabolnih odzivov na standizirani kratkotrajni zmerni telesni napor pri mladih športnikih : diplomsko delo

Ruperčič, Anja (avtor), Potočnik, Nejka (mentor), Kacin, Alan (recenzent)

Uvod: Razumevanje športne fiziologije je ključno za učinkovito sestavljanje in izvajanje trenažnih programov, saj neposredno vpliva na izid uspešnosti športnika. Pri tem je treba razumeti vpliv sestavljenega vadbenega programa na spreminjanje fizioloških procesov telesa, natančneje na dihalne in metabolne spremembe. Ti so pomembni pri dovajanju energije tekom vadbe in vzdrževanju homeostaze športnika. Namen: Namen raziskave je bil s pomočjo cikloergometrije in testiranja postopnega obremenjevanja do 85 % maksimalnega srčnega utripa pri odraslih tekačih na dolge proge izmeriti metabolne in dihalne parametre ter jih nato primerjati z intenzivnostjo njihovega rednega trenažnega programa, da bi ugotovili vpliv različnih intenzivnosti trenažnih programov na telesno zmogljivost. Metode dela: V raziskavo se je prostovoljno vključilo sedem odraslih in zdravih tekačev (štiri ženske in trije moški). Tekom njihovega nemotenega rednega trenažnega programa smo petkrat izvedli stopnjevano obremenitveno testiranje na sobnem kolesu. Prvo testiranje je bilo namenjeno maksimalnemu testu obremenitve, za tem pa so sledila štiri testiranja do 85 % maksimalnega srčnega utripa. Vsako posamezno testiranje je bilo sestavljeno iz petminutnega ogrevanja, stopnjevane obremenitvene vadbe in 15-minutnega okrevanja po končani vadbi. Pri tem smo beležili izmerjene vrednosti metabolnega in dihalnega odziva ter jih kasneje primerjali. Vrednosti smo primerjali tudi z objektivnimi ocenami metode vadbenega dražljaja (MVD) po modelu Banister in po modificiranih modelih z upoštevanjem dvodnevne količine vadb (MVD2), mirovanja (MVDm) in subjektivno oceno lestvico napora po Borgu po opravljenem trenažnem postopku (LONt). Rezultati: Vse izmerjene vrednosti so se spreminjale tekom 14-dnevnega raziskovanja. Statistično značilne spremembe smo zaznali pri ?MVD s VE/VCO2 maks (p = 0,026); ?MVDm s RQ mir (p = 0,013), RQ maks (0,013) in RQ rec (p = 0,046); ?MVD2 s RQ mir (p = 0,033), RQ maks (p = 0,012), RQ rec (p = 0,035), VE/VCO2 mir (p = 0,031) in VO2/kg maks. (p = 0,002); ?LONt s VE/VCO2 mir (p = 0,041) in VE/VCO2 maks (p = 0,004). Razprava in zaključek: Rezultati opravljene raziskave nakazujejo na statistično pomembno spreminjanje RQ, VO2/kg maks in VE/VCO2 v povezavi z intenziteto rednega trenažnega programa. Višje izmerjene vrednosti VO2/kg maks in VE/VCO2 nakazujejo na izboljšanje aerobne sposobnosti, medtem ko RQ (mir, maks, rec) lahko poroča o negativnem vplivu preintenzivnega vadbenega programa športnika.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, submaksimalni test stopenjske obremenitve, respiratorni sistem, metabolizem, kisik, ogljikov dioksid, respiratorni količnik, trenažni program
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [A. Ruperčič]
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 34 str., [2] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-168474
• UDK: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 232779011
• Datum objave v RUL: 15.04.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The impact of regular training program on the variability of respiratory and metabolic responses to standardised short-term moderate exercise in young athletes : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Understanding sports physiology is crucial for effectively designing and implementing training programs, as it directly influences an athlete's performance outcomes. It is essential to comprehend the impact of a structured training program on physiological processes, particularly respiratory and metabolic changes. These are vital for energy supply during exercise and maintaining the athlete's homeostasis. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to measure metabolic and respiratory parameters using cycle ergometry and incremental load testing up to 85% of maximum heart rate in adult long-distance runners. The results were then compared with the intensity of their regular training program to determine the effects of varying training intensities on physical performance. Methods: Seven healthy adult runners (four women and three men) voluntarily participated in the study. Over the course of their regular uninterrupted training program, five incremental load tests were conducted on a stationary bike. The first test was a maximal load test, followed by four tests up to 85% of maximum heart rate. Each test consisted of a five-minute warm-up, incremental load exercise, and a 15-minute recovery period after exercise. Measured values of metabolic and respiratory responses were recorded and later analyzed. The results were also compared with objective assessments of the training impulse method (TRIMP) based on the Banister model and modified models considering two-day training loads (TRIMP2), rest (TRIMPr), and subjective ratings using the Borg scale after the training session (sRPEt). Results: All measured values varied throughout the 14-day study period. Statistically significant changes were observed in ΔMVD with VE/VCO₂ max (p = 0.026); ΔMVDm with RQ rest (p = 0.013), RQ max (p = 0.013), and RQ recovery (p = 0.046); ΔMVD2 with RQ rest (p = 0.033), RQ max (p = 0.012), RQ recovery (p = 0.035), VE/VCO₂ rest (p = 0.031), and Vo₂/kg max (p = 0.002); ΔRPE with VE/VCO₂ rest (p = 0.041) and VE/VCO₂ max (p = 0.004). Discussion and conclusion: The results of the study indicate statistically significant changes in RQ, VO₂/kg max, and VE/VCO₂ concerning the intensity of the regular training program. Higher measured values of VO₂/kg max and VE/VCO₂ suggest an improvement in aerobic capacity, while RQ (rest, max, recovery) can report on the negative impact of the athlete's over-intensive training program.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, physiotherapy, submaximal incremental load test, respiratory system, metabolism, oxygen, carbon dioxide, respiratory quotient, training program