Poškodbe rejnih živali s strani volka in njegovo vračanje na območja uspešnega plenjenja

Mohorič, Nika (avtor), Jordan, Dušanka (mentor), Siard, Nataša (komentor)

Obstoječe metode varovanja rejnih živali pred napadi volkov niso vedno učinkovite, lahko so tudi problematične z vidika živinorejske prakse, zato jih je potrebno izboljševati in prilagajati, hkrati pa razvijati nove. Za izboljševanje in razvoj novih metod je ključnega pomena natančno poznavanje načina plenjenja pri volku. Namen magistrskega dela je bil ugotoviti najpogostejše poškodbe plena, ki jih volk zada pri lovu na različne vrste rejnih živali ter ali se volkovi vračajo na območja, kjer so že uspešno uplenili rejne živali. Analizirali smo poškodbe pri drobnici, govedu, konjih in oslih. Iz 2.927 škodnih zapisnikov od leta 2010 do 2020 smo izpisali vse opise poškodb in za razjasnitev nekaterih opisov naredili intervjuje z zaposlenimi na Zavodu za gozdove Slovenije, ki ocenjujejo škodne dogodke. Najpogostejša poškodba med določljivimi opisi poškodb je bila ugriz v vrat (90,9 % od 1.363 opisov poškodb) pri vseh obravnavanih vrstah rejnih živali (drobnica 92,7 % od 1.161 opisov poškodb, govedo 79,8 % od 119 opisov poškodb, konji in osli 81,9 % od 83 opisov poškodb). Analizo vračanja posameznega volka na območja uspešnega plenjenja smo lahko naredili za 45 volkov od 108 na škodnih dogodkih identificiranih volkov. Analizo smo izvedli tako, da smo določili vse možne razdalje ter število dni med vsemi škodnimi dogodki, na katerih je bil posamezen volk identificiran. Ugotovili smo, da se volkovi vračajo na območja uspešnega plenjenja, saj se je razdalja med škodnimi dogodki povečala za 11,98 ± 0,82 m z vsakim nadaljnjim dnem (p < 0,0001). Torej, bližje kot so si bili škodni dogodki časovno, krajša je bila razdalja med njimi. Vračanje na lokacije uspešnega plenjenja je bilo močno individualno pogojeno, saj je bil naključni vpliv volka na razdaljo med lokacijami škodnih dogodkov statistično značilen (p = 0,0006). Vpliv volka je pojasnil kar 50 % variabilnosti v naključnem delu modela.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: živinoreja, rejne živali, volkovi, plenjenje, poškodbe plena, lokacije plenjenja, Slovenija
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: BF - Biotehniška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-167098
• COBISS.SI-ID: 225605891
• Datum objave v RUL: 08.02.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Injuries of farm animals caused by wolf and its return to areas of successful predation

Izvleček

Existing methods of protecting livestock from wolf attacks are not always effective and can be problematic in terms of livestock husbandry practices, and need to be improved and adapted, while new methods need to be developed as well. Accurate knowledge of wolf depredation is crucial for improving and developing new methods. The aim of this MSc thesis was therefore to identify the most common prey injuries caused by wolves when hunting different livestock species, and whether wolves return to areas of successful predation on livestock. Injuries were surveyed for small ruminants (sheep and goats), cattle, horses and donkeys. We extracted all descriptions of evidence of injuries of 2.927 damage records from years 2010 to 2020 and interviewed damage officials from the Slovenia Forest Service who assess damage events to clarify some of the descriptions. The most common injury among the identifiable injury descriptions was bite to the neck (90.9 % of 1.363 injury descriptions) in all livestock species considered (small ruminants 92.7 % of 1.161 injury descriptions, cattle 79.8 % of 119 injury descriptions, horses and donkeys 81.9 % of 83 injury descriptions). We were able to analyse the return of individual wolf to areas of successful predation for 45 out of 108 wolves identified at damage events. The analysis was carried out by determining all possible distances and the number of days between all damage events in which a particular wolf was identified. We found that wolves return to areas of successful predation, with the distance between damage events increasing by 11.98 ± 0.82 m with each additional day (p < 0.0001). Thus, the closer the damage events are in time, the shorter the distance between them. However, the return to successful depredation locations was strongly individual-driven, as the random effect of the wolf on the distance between locations of the damage events was significant (p = 0.0006). The effect of the wolf explained as much as 50% of the variability in the random part of the model.

• Ključne besede: animal production, farm animals, wolves, predation, prey injuries, predation locations, Slovenia