Obravnava onkoloških pacientov v zgodnji paliativni oskrbi : diplomsko delo

Hočevar, Sabina (avtor), Gogova, Tina (mentor), Matić, Lucija (recenzent)

Uvod: Zgodnja paliativna oskrba je namenjena pacientom z neozdravljivo boleznijo, kjer njim in njihovim svojcem paliativni tim nudi podporo in pomoč skozi celoten proces bolezni, od postavitve diagnoze do obdobja žalovanja. Zaradi različnih dejavnikov je paliativna oskrba mnogokrat prepozno uvedena. S pravočasnim začetkom bi lahko pacientom olajšali proces bolezni in izboljšali kakovost preostalega življenja. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pomočjo pregleda literature predstaviti pozitivne učinke vključenosti onkološkega pacienta v zgodnjo paliativno oskrbo, ob tem opredeliti vlogo medicinske sestre in raziskati učinke vključenosti v zgodnjo paliativno oskrbo ter katere so ovire, ki vplivajo na prepozno vključevanje. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo dela pregleda literature, ki je v večini temeljila na tuji strokovni literaturi. Iskanje literature je potekalo s pomočjo Digitalne knjižnice Univerze v Ljubljani, v podatkovnih bazah Medline (PubMed), Cinahl in na spletnem portalu Google Učenjak. Vključena je bila v celoti dostopna literatura, objavljena med letoma 2014 in 2024. Rezultati: Podrobno smo pregledali 13 enot ustrezne literature in ugotovili prednostne učinke zgodnjega izvajanja paliativne oskrbe, ki so izboljšana kakovost življenja, boljše načrtovanje ciljev oskrbe, daljša življenjska doba in manj potrebnih hospitalizacij. Ovire, ki vplivajo na prepozno uvajanje paliativne oskrbe, so prisotnost stigme med pacienti in zdravstvenimi delavci ter prisoten strah pred začetkom izvajanja paliativne oskrbe zaradi pomanjkanja znanja ter izkušenj zdravstvenih delavcev na tem področju. Povezovanje paliativne oskrbe s terminalno oskrbo ob koncu življenja ovira začetek pogovora med zdravstvenimi delavci in pacienti. Razprava in zaključek: Pravočasna zgodnja vključitev onkološkega pacienta v zgodnjo paliativno oskrbo je ključna za dosego pozitivnih učinkov in boljšo podporo v okviru paliativnega tima. Za kakovostno paliativno oskrbo pacientov in njihovih svojcev je potreben izobražen zdravstveni kader. Glede na ugotovitve pregleda literature na izbrano temo menimo, da bi bilo treba začeti z usmerjenim izobraževanjem medicinskih sester o paliativni oskrbi za zagotavljanje strokovne in kakovostne obravnave in s tem zmanjšanje ovir in izogibanja vsebinam v povezavi s paliativno oskrbo.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, paliativna oskrba, zgodnja obravnava
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.11 - Diplomsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [S. Hočevar]
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 33 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-166946
• UDK: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 224807683
• Datum objave v RUL: 01.02.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Management of the oncology patients in early palliative care : diploma work

Izvleček

Introduction: Early palliative care is intended for patients with an incurable disease, where the palliative team offers them and their relatives support and assistance throughout the entire disease process, from diagnosis to the mourning period. Due to various factors, palliative care is often introduced too late. By starting early, patients could ease the disease process and improve their quality of life. Purpose: The purpose of the diploma thesis is to present the positive effects of oncology patients' involvement in early palliative care through a literature review, to define the role of the nurse and to research the effects of involvement in early palliative care and what are the obstacles that influence late involvement. Methods: In the diploma thesis, we used the descriptive method of the literature review, which was mostly based on foreign professional literature. The literature search was carried out using the Digital Library of the University of Ljubljana, the Medline (PubMed), Cinahl database and the Google Scholar web portal. Fully accessible literature published between 2014 and 2024 was included. Results: We reviewed 13 units of relevant literature in detail and identified the preferred effects of early palliative care, which are improved quality of life, better planning of care goals, longer life expectancy and fewer hospital admissions. Barriers that influence the late inclusion of palliative care are the presence of stigma among patients and healthcare professionals, the fear of starting care due to the lack of knowledge and experience of healthcare professionals in this area. Linking palliative care with end-of-life care is a barrier to starting a conversation between healthcare professionals and patients. Discussion and conclusion: Early and timely inclusion of oncology patients in early palliative care is key to achieving positive outcomes and better support within the palliative team. Educated healthcare staff are needed for high-quality palliative care for patients and their families. Based on the findings of the literature review on the selected topic, we believe that focused education of nurses on palliative care should be initiated to ensure professional and quality care and this reduce barriers and avoidance of palliative care related topics.

• Ključne besede: diploma theses, nursing care, palliative care, early treatment