Povezanost med prevalenco simptomov astme in okoljskimi dejavniki tveganja pri otrocih in mladostnikih: pilotna raziskava : magistrsko delo

Benčin, Katja (avtor), Kukec, Andreja (mentor), Rejc, Tanja (komentor), Jereb, Gregor (recenzent)

Uvod: Astma je pogosta kronična bolezen dihal, ki nastane zaradi vnetja dihalnih poti in krčenja gladkih mišic. Kljub napredku pri obvladovanju in preprečevanju poslabšanja astme je nujno zmanjšanje izpostavljenosti dejavnikom tveganja zunanjega in notranjega okolja zaradi njihovega vpliva na pojavnost in poslabšanje astme. Namen: Namen magistrskega dela je oceniti povezanost med prevalenco simptomov astme in astmi podobnih simptomov ter opazovanimi okoljskimi dejavniki tveganja pri otrocih (6-7 let) ter pri mladostnikih (12-13 let) na priložnostnem vzorcu izbranih osnovnih šol v Sloveniji. V sklopu magistrskega dela smo oblikovali 3 cilje: (1) oceniti prevalenco simptomov astme in astmi podobnih simptomov pri otrocih in mladostnikih na priložnostnem vzorcu, (2) oceniti prevalenco okoljskih dejavnikov tveganja ter (3) oceniti povezanost med prevalenco simptomov astme in opazovanimi okoljskimi dejavniki tveganja. Metode dela: Magistrsko delo je presečna epidemiološka raziskava. V raziskavo smo vključili podatke, zbrane v obdobju od 1. 9. 2023 do 31. 5. 2024. Priložnostni vzorec sestavlja 561 otrok (6-7 let) in mladostnikov (12-13 let) iz 11 osnovnih šol. Podatke smo pridobili na podlagi vprašalnika in jih obdelali z uporabo statističnega programa IBM SPSS Statistics. Rezultate smo opisali glede na 2 opazovana izida z 29 pojasnjevalnimi in 6 motečimi dejavniki. Rezultati: Prevalenco simptomov astme in astmi podobnih simptomov vsaj enkrat v življenju smo ocenili pri 35,6 % otrok in mladostnikov, v zadnjih 12 mesecih pa pri 19,1 % otrok in mladostnikov. Diagnozo astme ima 2,5 % otrok in mladostnikov. Razprava in zaključek: Ocenjujemo, da na priložnostnem vzorcu na pojav simptomov astme in astmi podobnih simptomov kadarkoli v življenju vplivajo prenatalna izpostavljenost tobačnemu dimu, prisotnost plesni v stanovanju v zadnjih 12 mesecih, prisotnost plesni v otroški sobi ter uporaba lepil, razredčil in drugih kemikalij v prisotnosti otroka, na pojav simptomov astme in astmi podobnih simptomov v zadnjih 12 mesecih pa stanovanje v bližini industrijskega obrata, kajenje matere v obdobju nosečnosti, trenutna izpostavljenost otroka tobačnemu dimu v stanovanju in reden stik otroka z živalmi na kmetiji v prvem letu življenja. Pomemben je tudi vpliv nekaterih motečih dejavnikov: celo leto neprehoden ali zamašen nos, genetska predispozicija in izobrazba matere.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: magistrska dela, sanitarno inženirstvo, bolezni dihal, astma, okoljski podatki, onesnaženost zraka, izpostavljenost
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Tipologija: 2.09 - Magistrsko delo
• Organizacija: ZF - Zdravstvena fakulteta
• Kraj izida: Ljubljana
• Založnik: [K. Benčin]
• Leto izida: 2025
• Št. strani: 66 str., [13] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-166896
• UDK: 614
• COBISS.SI-ID: 224472323
• Datum objave v RUL: 30.01.2025

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Association between children's and adolescent's prevalence of asthma symptoms and environmental risk factors: pilot study : master thesis

Izvleček

Introduction: Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease caused by inflammation of the airways and smooth muscle contractions. Reducing exposure to environmental risk factors remains key despite advances in managing asthma exacerbations. Aim: The aim of this master thesis is to assess the association between the prevalence of asthma and asthma-like symptoms and observed environmental risk factors in children and adolescents in a convenience sample of selected primary schools in Slovenia. We developed three objectives: (1) to estimate the prevalence of asthma and asthma-like symptoms in children and adolescents in the convenience sample, (2) to estimate the prevalence of environmental risk factors, and (3) to estimate the association between the prevalence of asthma symptoms and observed environmental risk factors. Methods: We included data collected from 1 September 2023 to 31 May 2024. The convenience sample consists of 561 children (6-7 years) and adolescents (12-13 years) from 11 primary schools. The data was collected via a questionnaire and analysed using IBM SPSS Statistics. We described the results in terms of two observed outcomes with 29 explanatory and 6 confounding factors. Results: Asthma and asthma-like symptoms occurred at least once in the lifetime of 35.6 % of children and adolescents, while 19,1 % experienced symptoms in the last 12 months. A diagnosis of asthma was reported in 2.5 % of children and adolescents. Discussion and conclusion: In this convenience sample, we estimate that the occurrence of asthma and asthma-like symptoms at any point in life is influenced by prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke, the presence of mould in the home in the last 12 months, the presence of mould in the child's room, and the use of glues, thinners and other chemicals in the presence of the child. In the last 12 months, asthma and asthma-like symptoms were associated with living near an industrial plant, maternal smoking during pregnancy, current exposure to tobacco smoke in the home and the regular contact with farm animals during the first year of life. The influence of certain confounding factors is also important, including a year-round blocked nose, genetic predisposition and the mother's education level.

• Ključne besede: master's theses, sanitary engineering, respiratory diseases, asthma, environmental data, air pollution, exposure