In the master thesis we have analysed the existing methods of rearing calves and young cattle. In Slovenia, we do not have detailed information on how the average farmer raises his calves and young cattle. Time to weaning, calf rearing methods, different breeding options, and herd health are areas of husbandry that can vary greatly from farmer to farmer. We compared the most common methods of housing calves and breeding heifers at different rearing times and the effects on their behaviour, daily gains, and health status. We have described different methods of feeding calves and analysed how they affect the amount and frequency of feed intake. We mentioned and described the most common diseases that breeders face when raising calves, namely diarrhoea and pneumonia. Using questionnaires (n = 70), we collected information from Slovenian breeders about what are the most common methods of rearing and keeping calves in our country. Based on the breeders' responses and an in-depth study of the literature on the subject, we found that many best practises are still largely ignored in our country. By the time calves are weaned, they often do not have sufficient water available to them in adequate quantities. When calves are raised, more emphasis is often placed on ease of housing than on ensuring optimal conditions for growth and development, which in turn leads to a higher percentage of calf deaths and health problems. Calves grow slower, which leads to later weaning and higher overall costs for raising heifers, further reducing the competitiveness of Slovenian farms.
|
