Introduction: A breech presentation is when the fetus is in the uterus with the lower part of the body facing the cervix. There are various methods available to pregnant women to move the fetus from breech position to cephalic. The most common method is cephalic external rotation of the fetus, in which the obstetrician turns the fetus from breech position to the cephalic position under ultrasound guidance and with circular hand movements on the pregnant woman's abdomen. During the procedure itself tocolytic drugs are most often used. One of the methods is the use of acupuncture and moxibustion, which uses thermal stimulation at the BL 67 point to relieve the pregnant woman's tension and allow the fetus to rotate. However, the fetus can rotate from the breech position to the cephalic position on its own throughout the pregnancy without the help of doctors or other methods. Purpose: Using a literature review, we investigated ways to rotate the fetus in the breech position to present modern guidelines that are helpful in clinical practice and maximize the success of external rotation. Methods: A descriptive working method was used, followed by a qualitative synthesis. Due to the lack of material in Slovenia, we searched for English language sources. We used sources from the past 10 years (between 2013 and 2023). For the search we used PubMed, ScienceDirekt, SpringerLink and Google Scholar. Results: We included 26 sources in literature review. Breech presentation is present in 3 to 4 % of cases at 37 weeks gestational age. To assist fetal rotation in the breech position, women most commonly rely on external cephalic rotation, which has a success rate between 3 and 50 %. The actual effectiveness of the methods is not 100 % proven, as there are conflicting opinions from authors of research studies. In addition to external rotation, other methods are available to pregnant women. Discussion and conclusion: We believe that there is a need to further investigate the methods of fetal rotation in the breech position and to develop evidence-based guidelines. With different methods of fetal rotation, the number of cesarean sections can be significantly reduced, which is crucial for health care and the health of women and children. For Slovenia, it would ce necessary to develop guidelines that could serve as a guide for Slovenian physicians in clinical practice. On the basis of professional guidelines, pregnant women would be helped, as it would be easier to decide on procedures during pregnancy and on the type of delivery.
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