Primerjava nekaterih vidikov izvršilnega in stečajnega postopka

Svetina, Maša (avtor), Vlahek, Ana (mentor)

Tema dela je pregled in analiza nekaterih podobnosti in razlik med izvršilnim in stečajnim postopkom. Oba obravnavana postopka sta v svojem bistvu izvršilna postopka, ki se razlikujeta po obsegu izvršbe. Medtem ko izvršilni postopek pomeni singularno izvršbo, stečajni postopek predstavlja generalno izvršbo. Glavni cilj obeh postopkov je zagotoviti poplačilo upnikov, zato že v izhodišču obstajajo podobnosti med obravnavanima postopkoma, kljub temu so med njima tudi številne razlike. Poleg navedenega pa obravnavana postopka tudi medsebojno vplivata, saj praviloma ne moreta potekati sočasno, kar izhaja iz načela enakopravne obravnave upnikov. Vpliv začetka stečajnega postopka na izvršilni postopek je na splošno pogojen s fazo izvršilnega postopka v trenutku začetka stečajnega postopka. V primeru osebnega stečaja se ta dinamika še dodatno zaplete. Prav tako obstaja nekaj izjem, kadar stečajni postopek ne vpliva na tek izvršbe. Nadalje ZFPPIPP v določenih delih napotuje na uporabo določb ZIZ, kar pomeni, da se v stečajnem postopku uporabljajo določena pravila izvršilnega postopka. Kljub dejstvu, da se v obeh postopkih uporabljajo določena enaka pravila, se njihova uporaba v sodni praksi razlikuje. Največ pravil izvršbe, ki se uporablja v stečajnem postopku, se nanaša na stečajno maso, in sicer na vprašanje, kateri predmeti oziroma prejemki so iz stečajne mase izvzeti oziroma vanjo spadajo le omejeno. Razlike med postopkoma se nanašajo tudi na prodajo nepremičnine, v zvezi s tem sta zadnji noveli ZIZ-M in ZFPPIPP-H prinesli tudi nekaj novosti. Nadalje so razlike med postopkoma tudi v zvezi z vrstnim redom poplačila terjatev. V zvezi z ustavnostjo takšnih razlik med obema postopkoma se je opredelilo tudi USRS, ki meni, da sta položaja v enem in drugem postopku bistveno različna, zato razlike med postopkoma niso v nasprotju z URS.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: insolvenčno pravo, izvršilno pravo, postopek osebnega stečaja, izvršilni postopek, stečajna masa, prodaja nepremičnine, vrstni red poplačila terjatev, odpust obveznosti
• Vrsta gradiva: Magistrsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: PF - Pravna fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-165418
• COBISS.SI-ID: 220454403
• Datum objave v RUL: 06.12.2024

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: Comparison of certain aspects of enforcement and bankruptcy procedures

Izvleček

The subject of this thesis is the review and analysis of certain similarities and differences between enforcement and bankruptcy procedures. Both procedures are essentially enforcement procedures that differ in the scope of enforcement. While the enforcement procedure involves singular enforcement, the bankruptcy procedure represents general enforcement. The main goal of both procedures is to ensure the repayment of creditors, so there are inherent similarities between the two. However, there are also numerous differences. Additionally, these procedures influence each other, as they typically cannot run concurrently due to the principle of equal treatment of creditors. The impact of the commencement of the bankruptcy procedure on the enforcement procedure generally depends on the phase of the enforcement procedure at the time the bankruptcy procedure begins. In the case of personal bankruptcy, this dynamic becomes even more complicated. There are also some exceptions where the bankruptcy procedure does not affect the course of enforcement. Furthermore, ZFPPIPP in certain parts refers to the application of provisions from the ZIZ, meaning that certain rules of the enforcement procedure are applied in the bankruptcy procedure. Despite the fact that some of the same rules are used in both procedures, their application in judicial practice differs. Most of the enforcement rules applied in the bankruptcy procedure concern the bankruptcy estate, specifically regarding which assets or income are excluded from the bankruptcy estate or included in it only to a limited extent. Differences between the procedures also relate to the sale of real estate, with the latest amendments, introducing some novelties. Additionally, there are differences in the order of priority for the repayment of claims. Regarding the constitutionality of such differences between the two procedures, the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia has stated that the situations in each procedure are fundamentally different, and therefore, the differences between the procedures are not contrary to the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia.

• Ključne besede: insolvency law, enforcement law, personal bankruptcy procedure, enforcement procedure, bankruptcy estate, sale of real estate, order of priority for repayment of claims, discharge of obligations