The ongoing war in Ukraine has made relevant again the issue of a legitimate defense. The principle of self-defense has been known in the Catholic moral teaching for centuries. An interesting and current perspective on this issue was presented by Prof. Janusz Nagórny (1950–2006), one of the most prominent contemporary moral theologians in Poland. The aim of this paper is to familiarize reader – especially from outside Poland – with thoughts on a legitimate defense left by that researcher. These considerations are firmly anchored in the social teaching of Pope John Paul II, but also have their own and original character. The present study firstly highlights some of the paradoxes of the modern world regarding the issues of peace and war. Then, an attempt to show the anthropological foundations for ethical decisions in the area of self-defense will be made. Finally, we will try to outline some specific explanations of the principle of a legitimate defense in today’s world. To sum up, it should be said that – according to Janusz Nagórny – everything humanly possible should be done to prevent various forms of war. But on the other hand, we must realistically remember that every person, every nation, and every state, facing an unjust aggression, have the right or even duty to defend their own freedom and independence.Zaradi vojne, ki poteka v Ukrajini, je vprašanje legitimne obrambe ponovno postalo aktualno. Načelo samoobrambe je v katoliškem moralnem nauku znano že stoletja. Zanimiv in aktualen pogled na to vprašanje je predstavil profesor Janusz Nagórny (1950–2006), eden najvidnejših sodobnih moralnih teologov na Poljskem. Namen tega prispevka je seznaniti bralca – zlasti zunaj Poljske – z mislijo o legitimni obrambi, ki jo je zapustil omenjeni raziskovalec. Njegova razmišljanja so trdno zasidrana v družbenem nauku papeža Janeza Pavla II, vendar imajo tudi svoj lasten in izviren značaj. Pričujoča študija najprej izpostavlja nekatere paradokse sodobnega sveta glede vprašanj miru in vojne. Nato bo skušala prikazati antropološke temelje za etične odločitve na področju samoobrambe. Na koncu bomo skušali orisati nekaj konkretnih razlag načela legitimne obrambe v današnjem svetu. Če povzamemo, je treba povedati, da moramo – po mnenju Janusza Nagórnega – storiti vse, kar je v človekovi moči, da bi različne oblike vojn preprečili. Po drugi strani pa se moramo realno zavedati, da ima vsak človek, vsak narod in vsaka država, ki se sooča z nepravično agresijo, pravico ali celo dolžnost braniti svojo svobodo in neodvisnost.
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