The master's thesis examines the changing role of the victim in criminal law, with a particular focus on his/her involvement in the sentencing process. Traditionally, the role of the victim in criminal proceedings has been limited, but in recent decades, reforms and efforts to increase victim involvement have led to significant changes, including in the European legal area. This thesis analyses the historical evolution of the role of the victim and the transition from a victim-centred to a state-centred and back to a victim-centred perspective, where the victim is recognised as having the right to participate in criminal proceedings. It explores different theories of punishment, such as retributive, utilitarian, expressive and restorative theories, and examines how each of these theories addresses the role of the victim in sentencing. It discusses the key arguments for and against involving the victim in the sentencing process. It highlights the advantages of enhancing the legitimacy of sentencing, recognising the suffering of victims and their contribution to a more comprehensive judicial process. Criticisms include the potential bias of judges, the increased punitiveness of sentencing and the risk of reducing the rights of the accused. Involving victims in the sentencing process can contribute to greater fairness and a therapeutic effect for victims, but this must be carefully balanced with ensuring impartiality and protecting the fundamental rights of the accused.
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