In the Iron Age and in antiquity, the Mediterranean and Black Seas were important for transport and trade. People traded in grain, oil, wine, metals, timber and other raw materials. To carry goods across the sea to Athens, Rome and other important cities, they needed well-made ships that could navigate as safely as possible. Sometimes shipwrecks occurred due to faulty ship design, natural causes or deliberate destruction. Many shipwrecks from different periods can be found in the Mediterranean and Black Sea, helping us to understand ancient transport and trade by sea. In this thesis, ten sites in depths of more than 90 m, located in the present territorial waters of Israel, Italy, Malta, France and Turkey, are discussed. We also discuss two sites from the territorial waters of Spain and Italy at depths greater than 20 m, where ingots were found.
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