Izdelava replike negovske čelade iz Podzemlja z uporabo precizijskega litja

Pevc, Anže (avtor), Petrič, Mitja (mentor)

Diplomsko delo zajema izdelavo replike Negovske čelade iz Podzemeljskega grobišča. Čelada je bila najdena med leti 2016 – 2021, v enem izmed 200 grobov, iz časa starejše in mlajše železne dobe ( 5.-1. stoletje pred našim štetjem) v vasi Podzemelj v Beli krajini. Čelada je bila izdelana iz brona s procesom kovanja in je bila pred pokopom obredno poškodovana. Restavratorji so jo restavrirali s čiščenjem zemljine ter utrjevanjem s pomočjo raztopin in japonskim papirjem. Neželene luknje in manjkajoče dele so dopolnili z japonskim papirjem in epoksidno smolo. Restavrirana čelada je bila posneta s pomočjo ročnega 3D skenerja. Iz posnetka je bil izdelan 3D model iz PLA materiala, kateri je bil zglajen, da so se odstranile sledi tiskanja. Ta model nam je služil kot osnova za izdelavo silikonske forme. Ta je bila izdelana v dveh polovicah, z mavčno kapo pa je bila silikonska forma podprta. V tako pripravljeno formo smo ulili mavčni model, katerega smo oblikovno popravili, da smo izdelali prvotno obliko čelade, brez obredne poškodbe. Na podlagi tega modela smo ponovno izdelali silikonsko formo s katero smo izdelali voščen model. Vosek smo nanašali do debeline stene 4 mm. Na model je bil pritrjen voščen ulivni sistem in zračni kanali. Na voščen model smo nanesli keramično suspenzijo posuto s peskom v več slojih. Tako pripravljeno školjko smo sintrali pri 1100 °C. V indukcijski peči smo pripravili talino kositrovega brona z 10 mas. % kositra. Sledilo je ulivanje. Po strjevanju se je odstranilo ulivni sistem, brusilo in poliralo, da je bil dosežen originalen izgled čelade iz tistega časa.

• Jezik: Slovenski jezik
• Ključne besede: Negovska čelada, čelada, restavriranje, silikonska forma, mavčni model, precizijsko litje, livni sistem
• Vrsta gradiva: Diplomsko delo/naloga
• Organizacija: NTF - Naravoslovnotehniška fakulteta
• Leto izida: 2024
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-161547
• Datum objave v RUL: 12.09.2024

Sekundarni jezik

• Jezik: Angleški jezik
• Naslov: The making of a replica of negovska helmet form Podzemelj with investment casting technique

Izvleček

The thesis involves the construction of a replica of the Negovska helmet from the Podzemelj burial ground. The helmet was found between 2016 - 2021, in one of 200 graves, dating from the Early and Early Iron Age (5th-1st century BC) in the village of Podzemelj in Bela Krajina. The helmet was made of bronze by a forging process and was ritually damaged before burial. It was restored by cleaning of the soil and hardening with solutions and Japanese paper. Unwanted holes and missing parts were filled in with Japanese paper and epoxy resin. The restored helmet was photographed using a hand-held 3D scanner. From the image, a 3D model was created in PLA material and smoothed to remove printing marks. This model served as the basis for the silicone mould. This was made in two halves, with a plaster cap supporting the silicone mould. The plaster model was cast into the mould, which was then corrected to produce the original shape of the helmet, without ritual damage. Based on this model, the silicone mould was again used to make the wax model. Wax was applied up to a wall thickness of 4 mm. The wax casting system and air ducts were attached to the model. A ceramic suspension was applied to the wax model, sanded in several layers. The prepared shell was sintered at 1100 °C. A tin bronze melt with 10 % tin by weight was prepared in an induction furnace. This was followed by casting. After solidification, the casting system was removed, the casting was ground and polished to achieve the original appearance from that time.

• Ključne besede: Negovska helmet, helmet, restoration, silicon mold, plaster model, precision casting, casting system