Hepatitis B is a global health issue that causes acute and chronic liver infections and can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. The use of transgenic plants for the synthesis of HBsAg antigens represents a significant advancement in the production of vaccines against hepatitis B. This method allows for cost-effective, safe, and environmentally friendly vaccine production. Genetically modified plants that synthesize HBsAg facilitate increased vaccine production and reduce risks associated with traditional methods. The process involves the genetic transformation of plant cells by introducing the HBsAg gene, followed by antigen extraction and purification using advanced techniques. The advantages of this method include lower production costs and greater vaccine safety. Additionally, this approach is more sustainable and environmentally friendly. The use of transgenic plants for vaccine production can significantly improve vaccine accessibility, especially in resource-limited countries, contributing to the reduction of hepatitis B prevalence and the improvement of public health. Vaccine optimization occurs at multiple levels of antigen acquisition, with key aspects including the choice of plant species, the form of the transgene, and the combinations of different hepatitis B virus antigens. Improvements in antigen synthesis and vaccine development reduce the incidence of new infections and long-term health complications associated with this disease.
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