Introduction: Anticoagulation treatment prevents the formation of blood clots in the cardiovascular system and is widely used today. Without anticoagulation treatment, there is a higher risk of stroke, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. In patients treated with anticoagulant medication, the role of the nurse is very important. Aim: The aim of the diploma work is to find out what anticoagulation treatment is, what indications there are, what complications can occur during treatment and what role the nurse has in the anticoagulation clinic. Methods: In this diploma work we used a descriptive method with a systematic review of the literature. In the search, we considered the period between March 2023 and February 2024. We searched for literature in Slovenian with the keywords and phrases antikoagulacija, antikoagulacijsko zdravljenje, antikoagulacijska ambulanta in vloga medicinske sestre v antikoagulacijski ambulanti and for literature in English with the words anticoagulation, anticoagulation treatment, anticoagulation clinic and the role of the nurse in anticoagulation clinic. We searched the databases CINAHL with full text and Pubmed using the search engine Google Scholar. We included 52 articles in the analysis, which we rated according to the strength of the evidence on a four-point scale: Anticoagulation treatment is used to prevent and treat blood clots in atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism, artificial heart valves, and antiphospholipid syndrome. A nurse's educational work is an important part of a multidisciplinary approach to treating patients and their families. In addition, patients must be aware of the responsibility and seriousness of taking medication and follow the instructions they receive in the anticoagulation clinic. Discussion and Conclusion: Due to the aging of the population, the incidence of cardiovascular disease is increasing, and thus the incidence of thromboembolic events is also increasing year by year. The use of direct oral anticoagulants, which were preferred to coumarins, is increasing. The educational work of nursing staff in the anticoagulation clinic is of crucial importance for patients being treated with anticoagulant medication, as it can prevent the occurrence of possible complications, especially bleeding.
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